Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research

In Vitro Assay of Lytic Bacteriophage to Suppress the Growth of Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis, the Causal Pathogen of Potato Wilt Disease

Nur Azizah — 2024-07-07

Bacterial wilt disease, the one of the major diseases of potatoes, caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. indonesiensis (Rsi). Many efforts have been made to control bacterial wilt disease, including physical control, chemicals, and the use of bacteriophages. Previous studies have shown that bacteriophage application in controlling plant diseases is a fast-expanding area and has great potential to replace chemical methods. This study aims to determine the potential of lytic bacteriophage in suppressing the growth of Rsi in vitro. This study used a Non-Factorial, Completely Randomized Design with 3 replications and 6 treatment levels: R1 (Rsi isolate 1 without bacteriophage), R2 (Rsi isolate 1 with bacteriophage), R3 (Rsi isolate 2 without bacteriophage), R4 (Rsi isolate 2 with bacteriophage), R5 (Rsi isolate 3 without bacteriophage), and R6 (Rsi isolate 3 with bacteriophage). The results showed that bacteriophage could reduce the Rsi population at 24 hours by looking at the optical density (OD) value of 600 nm wavelength and growing on NA medium using the spread-plate method. The best treatment was at R6 with a population of 1 x 10⁸cfu/ml Rsi. This research suggests that bacteriophage has the potential to suppress the growth of Rsi, which causes potato bacterial wilt disease, in vitro.

Effect of Calcium Chloride and Trisodium Phosphate Fortification on Low Fat Buffalo Milk Cheeses

R. Perveen — 2024-07-07

Cheese is a dairy product that is highly preferred by consumers. Cheese is a delectable and nutritious food item. Enhancing the quality of cheese necessitates innovation in cheese processing. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of calcium chloride and trisodium phosphate on the physical, chemical, microbiological, and rheological characteristics (namely firmness) of low-fat buffalo milk cheeses. This study had a fully randomized design, consisting of nine treatments and three replications. The cottage cheese, mozzarella, and cheddar were treated with varying quantities of calcium chloride and trisodium phosphate (10, 20, and 30 mM) and then stored for a period of 30 days. The cheeses supplemented with salt exhibited a noteworthy (p≤0.05) rise in pH, total nitrogen (TN), non-casein nitrogen (NCN), and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) for nearly all treatments. However, a subsequent decline was noted after storage. Similarly, the hardness (N) significantly improved (from 330.33 to 454) among treatments and reduced (from 427 to 276.33) after 30 days of storage, with a p-value of ≤0.05. In addition, the total plate count (TPC) and total viable count (TVC) showed an upward trend during the ripening phase. In conclusion, it was observed that the physicochemical, rheological, and microbiological quality characteristics of cheeses can be effectively regulated with appropriate mineral fortification.

Antibacterial Test of Dadih Against Pathogenic Bacteria and Its Effects on Native Chicken Immunity Organs

Nurzainah Ginting — 2024-07-07

Dadih contains lactic acid bacteria that are antimicrobial so that it can be utilized to maintain the health of poultry such as native chickens. This study aims to prove the ability of dadih to suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella. This study will also try to find out invivo effect of dadih on the organ immunity of native chicken infected with Salmonella. Antimicrobial research uses disc diffusion method with antimicrobial zone parameter. The invivo study was conducted using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and five replications where the parameter was the development of immunity organs namely thymus, bursa fabrisius and spleen. The results showed that the antimicrobial test of dadih against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella caused a zone of inhibition of 7.84, 6.63 and 8.34 mm. Dadih treatment significantly affected the percentage of thymus, bursa fabrisius and spleen. As conclusion that dadih is able to suppress the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella at medium strength with a range of inhibition zone between 6.63-8.34. Dadih is also able to maintain the health of native chicken.

Antioxidant Properties of Lemuni Leaves (Vitex trifolia var. purpurea) in Different Concentrations of Ethanol-Water Solvent Extraction

Wei Wen Goh — 2024-07-09

Vitex trifolia var. purpurea leaves (Lemuni leaves) is considered as a traditional medicine due to their antioxidant property. The antioxidant properties of Lemuni leaves depends on the concentration of ethanol-water solvent. Therefore, this current study intended to identify the antioxidant activity of Lemuni leaves (Vitex trifolia var. purpurea) in different concentrations of ethanol-water solvent extraction. Four ethanol-water concentrations were prepared (water extract (0% ethanol), 25% ethanol extract, 50% ethanol extract, and 75% ethanol extract). The antioxidant properties of Lemuni leaves were evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, aluminium chloride calorimetric method while 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay were used to measure the antioxidant activities of the extracts. The experimental results showed that 75% ethanol extract had the highest (p<0.05) total phenolic content (94.69 ± 4.75mg GAE/g DW) and total flavonoid content (30.76 ± 2.85mg QE/g DW) significantly. The 75% ethanol extract also had the significantly lowest (p<0.05) IC₅₀ value for DPPH (3.56 ± 0.11 mg/mL) and ABTS (2.01 ± 0.05 mg/mL) assays. Strong correlations were discovered between the total flavonoid content, total phenolic content with antioxidant properties of Lemuni leaves at different ethanol-water ratio by DPPH (r= -0.816; r= -0.824) and ABTS assays (r= -0.929; r= -0.920).The significantly elevated antioxidant properties of the 75% ethanol extract suggest promising applications in health supplements, pharmaceuticals, skincare products, biomedical research, and commercial ventures.

Livestock Breeders’ Conflicts in the Steppe Rangelands of Naâma Region (Western Algeria)

Youcefi Ahmed Toufik — 2024-07-09

Sheep farming represents a very important activity in the Algerian steppe, unfortunately it is in a critical situation following climate changes, decreases in rangelands and the rise in the prices of livestock feed, this has created conflicting situations between breeders. The competition for access to steppe spaces and the use of natural resources are at the origin of several conflicts between the actors of the steppe. In this article, we tried to present in a brief way the nature and rate of existing conflicts between pastoralists, and compliance with current legislation which aims to protect the plant cover and soil. The approach taken to carry out this analysis is based on a field survey whose target population is the holders of the herd. The sample size exceeds 364 surveyed spread across the 12 municipalities in our study area. Our work shows that one-fifth of respondents suffer from conflectual situations, either against a legal person or natural persons, while four-fifths endure no strife. In addition, the comparison between two periods (2010 - 2014 and 2015 – 2019) shows that the average number of established and trained offence report by forest administration concerning “illicit grazing” had doubled. The solution consists in cleaning up the steppe against illegal monopolies, accompanied by awareness-raising activities for a better awareness of residents to change their bad behavior. Finally, the competent authorities are required to find alternatives to enable farmers to carry out their activities properly.

The Role of Social Capital in the Development of Native Chicken Enterprises: A Case Study at P4S Laskar Andalas

Meldy Eka Putra — 2024-07-12

This study investigates the increase in native chicken population in Koto Parik Gadang Diateh District of South Solok Regency, credited to the transformation of MFH Farm into Pusat Pelatihan Pertanian dan Pedesaan Swadaya (P4S) Laskar Andalas. The objectives of this study include describing P4S Laskar Andalas' profile and role in native chicken business development and analyzing social capital's impact on the local economy through chicken farming. Using a case study approach, key informants such as P4S Laskar Andalas, KUB PM Koto Parik, native chicken breeders, and local restaurants were engaged. Findings reveal P4S Laskar Andalas' diverse role in native chicken husbandry, including enterprise operation, advisory services, and business partnerships. Strong social bonds between P4S Laskar Andalas, KUB-PM Koto Parik, and breeders indicate robust bonding social capital. Additionally, positive relationships with Sungai Kalu Restaurant and Teras Ayam Kampung Restaurant reflect well on bridging social capital. The strong association between P4S Laskar Andalas and the Agriculture Office of South Solok Regency demonstrates strong linkage social capital. These results underscore social capital's role in facilitating collaborative efforts and enhancing the local economy through native chicken farming.

The Role of Motivation and Work Environment to Promote Productivity of Chili Farmers in Magelang

Muhammad Ricza Irhamni — 2024-07-12

This paper examines the impact of motivation and the work environment in supporting the productivity of chili farmers in Magelang. We use managerial work motivation theory to identify farmer motivation and use the work environment as a measuring tool to determine the environmental conditions around agricultural land. The quantitative model is estimated to show that motivation and work environment can significantly boost farmer productivity. The sample in this study was 64 respondents, regression analysis was used in this study using SPSS 22. Farmers with high motivation will increase the productivity of their crops, although this is not significant. Finally, farmers with a good working environment will increase farmer productivity significantly.