Journal of Chemical Natural Resources

Formulation and Production of Ethanol Extract Derived from Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia Roxb) for use as an Antibacterial Hand Sanitizer Spray

Emma Zaidar Nasution — 2024-11-05

Formulation and production of an ethanol extract derived from black turmeric (Curcuma caesia roxb) for use as an antibacterial hand sanitizer spray were successfully performed. The method used is the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Formulation of rimpang kunyit hitam (Curcuma caesia roxb) ethanol extract was formulated into four formulas: without extract, 10%, 8%, and 6% ethanol extract. The results showed that the ethanol extract of black turmeric rhizome with the phytochemical screening method contained flavonoids and alkaloids, which had antibacterial activity. Formulation of rimpang kunyit hitam ethanol extract in hand sanitizer spray with a concentration of 10% has a more significant inhibition zone compared to other concentrations, namely 9.9 mm in Escherichia coli and 9.8 mm in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Isolation of Flavonoid Compound from Kareumbi Fruit (Homalanthus populneus (Geiseler) Pax)

Lamek Marpaung — 2024-11-05

Flavonoid compounds were isolated from Kareumbi fruit (Homalanthus populneus) using a sequential extraction and purification process. Methanol-concentrated extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The concentrated methanol extract was separated by column chromatography using a gradient elution of chloroform and methanol, varying the ratio 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; and 60:40 (v/v). Subsequent column chromatography yielded a yellowish-orange paste (19.6 mg, Rf = 0.73) from the chloroform:methanol (70:30) fraction. UV-visible, FT-IR, and ¹H-NMR spectroscopic analysis confirmed that the isolated compounds belonged to the flavonol class of flavonoids.

Preparation and Characterization of Superabsorbents Based on Durian Seed Starch (Durio zibethinus) and Carboxymethyl Cellulose Using Citric Acid Crosslinking

Darwin Yunus Nasution — 2024-11-05

Superabsorbents are materials that can absorb a liquid beyond its initial volume. Natural polymer-based superabsorbents can be obtained by combining CMC and durian seed starch. The combination of these two materials was cross-linked using varying amounts of citric acid: 0.0 grams, 0.2 grams, 0.4 grams, and 0.6 grams. The resulting superabsorbent has a cross-linking degree of about 41%, shows the presence of OH and CH groups, has a rough and dense surface, and a maximum water absorption capacity of 4130% with a water absorption rate of 41.3 g/g. Durian seed starch has potential as a superabsorbent material.

Antibacterial Activity of Transparent Soap Added Avocado Oil and Telang Flower Extract (Clitoria ternatea)

Muhammad Zulham Effendi Sinaga — 2024-11-11

Telang flowers contain secondary metabolites, one of which is antibacterial because it has potential as an alternative to antibiotics. The purpose of the research was to increase the function of transparent soap moisturise the skin and inhibit the growth of bacteria on the skin's surface. The butterfly pea flower was extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol, and then the extract was added to the making of transparent soap according to the treatment. The treatments in this study were the addition of S0 (0 mL) butterfly pea flower extract as a control; S1 (0,10 mL); S2 (0,15 mL); S3 (0,20 mL); S4 (0,25 mL) into 100 mL of transparent soap formulation. The best formulation resulting from this study was the S4 treatment (6 g cocoa butter, 7 g stearic acid, 14 g palm oil, 5 g avocado oil, 48% NaOH 7 g, 13 g glycerin, 15 g ethanol, cocamide- DEA 5 g, 17 g sugar, 0.2 g NaCl, 10.45 g aquadest and 0.3 g perfume and 0.05 g dye. The results of the antibacterial activity produced from the butterfly pea flower extract and avocado oil resulted in an inhibitory effect on P. acne bacteria ranging from 8,1-20,1 mm, which had moderate to strong inhibition, and E. coli bacteria ranged from 21,1-28,8 mm which had very strong inhibition.

Isolation of Flavonoid Compounds Derived from Buni Leaves (Antidesma bunius (L) Spreng.)

Tonel Barus — 2024-11-11

The flavonoid compounds from the leaves of buni (A. bunius (L) Spreng.) have been isolated through a process of maceration utilizing methanol as the solvent. The concentrated methanol extract was combined with ethyl acetate. The concentrated ethyl acetate extract was subsequently dissolved in methanol and subjected to partition extraction using n-hexane. The concentrated methanol extract was acidified with 6% HCl, followed by partition extraction using chloroform. The concentrated chloroform extract was isolated using column chromatography, employing an eluent mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate in the following ratios: 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 (v/v). The compounds underwent purification via TLC preparative, resulting in a tawny paste with a mass of 30 mg and an Rf value of 0.31. The compound underwent additional identification through the application of Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (¹H-NMR), leading to the conclusion that the flavonoid in question is isoflavone.

Efficiency of Reverse Osmosis Usage in Drinking Water Depots to Reduce Iron (Fe3+), Copper (Cu2+) and Zinc (Zn2+) Ion Levels

Zul Alfian — 2024-11-14

Research on the efficiency of reverse-osmosis drinking water depot to decreased levels of iron (Fe³⁺), Copper (Cu²⁺) and Zinc (Zn²⁺) ions have been done. The raw, the treated, and waste water are filtered using reverse osmosis (RO) three times a week. HNO₃ then was added to the sample until it reached 15 mL. The determination of the concentration of the three ions was performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed a decrease of Fe³⁺ concentration of 73.21%, for Cu²⁺ decrease by 80.25%, while Zn²⁺ decrease by 82.08%. For waste water obtained iron ion concentration of 0.1794 mg/L, for Cu²⁺ by 0.0239 mg/L, while Zn²⁺ by 0.0962 mg/L.

Enzymatization of Nila Fish (Oreochromis Niloticus) Protein Hydolysate by Combination of Bromelin and Pepsin Enzymes

Emma Zaidar Nasution — 2024-11-14

Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater fish with better nutritional content compared to other freshwater fish, making it suitable for use as a source for protein hydrolysate production. Protein hydrolysate is the result of the breakdown of protein into short-chain compounds through hydrolysis. This research aims to hydrolyze the minced Nile tilapia meat using a combination of bromelain and pepsin enzymes at a concentration of 5% and pH 7 conditions for 5-6 hours. The hydrolysis results using the combination of bromelain and pepsin enzymes (B100: P0) have a yield value of 12.68%, ash content of 2.94%, protein of 57.25%, water 2.65%, and fat 10.25% with a degree of hydrolysis of 61.46%. The hydrolysate has antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria with inhibition zones of approximately 8.3 mm and 8.5 mm, respectively, at a concentration of 1 (mg/µL), contains 15 types of amino acids with the highest composition being lysine 5.12% and the highest non-essential amino acid being aspartic acid 5.75%.

Determination of Metal Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) in Drinking Water from The Boring Well of Surbakti Village, Karo District by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Method

Zul Alfian — 2024-11-14

Water is an essential requirement for human existence. In addition to traditional water usage, water is essential for enhancing the quality of human existence and facilitating industrial and technological endeavors. An investigation was conducted on the contents of Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Zinc (Zn) in drinking water from drilled wells in Surbakti Village, Karo District, employing Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) techniques. Sampling occurred during weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 and was subsequently digested with concentrated nitric acid until a volume of 15 mL was attained. The metal concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) using a calibration curve. The findings indicated a concentration of Cd at 0.0031 mg/L, Cu at 0.0470 mg/L, Fe at 0.2741 mg/L, and Zn at 0.2929 mg/L. In this instance, Cd produced a greater concentration of drinking water standards compared to Cu, Fe, and Zn. Nonetheless, it nonetheless met the drinking quality standards established by Regulation Minister of Health No. 492/Menkes/Per/VII/2010.

Isolation and Identification of Flavonoid Compounds from Mangrove Leaves Burus (Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume)

Tonel Barus — 2024-11-15

Flavonoid compounds have been successfully isolated from the Mangrove leave burus (Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume) through a series of extraction processes. The maceration procedure, which involved soaking the material to be extracted in methanol solvent to allow the desired chemicals to dissolve gradually, was used for the first extraction. Following the addition of ethyl acetate, the extract was concentrated once more. This ethyl acetate extract is subsequently dissolved in methanol and partitioned with n-hexane. The obtained methanol layer was evaporated until dry, then analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC), with silica gel as the stationary phase and chloroform as the mobile phase. The composition of the chloroform:methanol eluent used varied (90:10, 80:20, and 70:30 v/v), and the pure amorphous solid compound with an orange-yellow color was successfully obtained using a 70:30 v/v eluent, weighing 16.3 mg and having an Rf value of 0.73. Compound identification was carried out using UV-Visible, FT-IR, and ¹H-NMR. Spectroscopic data indicate that the extracted compound belongs to the flavonol group.