Journal of Sylva Indonesiana

Morphogenesis, Estimated Allele Frequency, and Heterozygosity in The Putative Mutation Population of Solomon Teak (M1V1)

2025-02-19T06:52:46+07:00

In vitro continuous development (proliferation) and growth enhancement of callus, which orginated from irradiated-plantlets of Solomon teak clones, have been sequentially conducted on culture medium of (1) MS + 0.1 ppm kinetin, then transferred to (2) an half-strength MS + 0.1 ppm kinetin + 0.1 ppm BAP + 100 ppm charcoal, to (3) an half-strength MS + 0.1 ppm BAP + 3% sugar and finally to (4) half strength MS + 0.3 ppm BAP + 3% sugar. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the morphogenesis of putative-mutant Solomon teak from generation M1V1 and estimate allele frequencies as well as population heterozygosity in vitro. Results demonstrated that exposure to gamma irradiation (10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy) in the M1V1 generation induced callus formation within two weeks, followed by the development of embryogenic callus. Genetic analysis revealed low diversity among M1V1 individuals as indicated by Na>Ne and He<Uhe. Gamma irradiation potentially increased both allele number and heterozygosity by approximately 50%. Ten putative-mutant teak seedlings are obtained, these lines should be maintained and propagated as valuable genetic resource for future teak improvement programs

Exploring the Potentiality of Producing Sustainable Gum Arabic: Case of Sheikan Locality, North Kordofan State, Sudan

2025-06-19T08:01:38+07:00

Gum Arabic is a critical source of livelihood in rural areas of Sudan and a key economic commodity. This study investigates the potential for sustainable gum Arabic production in Sheikan locality, North Kordofan, Sudan. Using participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), structured questionnaires with 302 households, and focus group discussions, the research assesses household participation, gum resource potential, and production challenges. Results indicate that 93% of the respondents own gum gardens with gum contributes 38% to household income. Additionally, from targeted respondents 37% of the respondents have less than 10 years experiences in gum Arabic activities. Based on respondents’ perception the average gum production of tree/season was (2.79 kg). However, limited participation by youth, inadequate infrastructure, and environmental constrains hinder gum production sustainability. The study recommends that integrating indigenous knowledge with modern practices, expanding youth involvement, and enhancing policy support to secure a sustainable supply of gum Arabic

Diameter-Height relationship model for Shorea assamica in secondary tropical rainforest, South Borneo

2025-02-05T09:29:41+07:00

Diameter-height relationship model is generally developed to facilitate the quantification of tree height at the individual level. However, the model’s reliability principally varies due to the influence of certain factors like site quality and type of species. Thus, a site species-specific model is recommended to support sustainable forest management. This study aims to evaluate the best-fit model for estimating the tree height of Shorea assamica in the secondary tropical rainforest, South Borneo. Data from forest inventory consisting of 1,440 tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and height measurements were used to evaluate five alternative models, i.e., Linear, Power, Exponential, Sigmoid, and Gompertz. These data were randomly split into two datasets, i.e., initial model development (1,009 trees) and model validation (431 trees). The model reliability was assessed and ranked using the coefficient of determination (R²), residual standard error (RSE), akaike information criterion (AIC), mean absolute error (MAE), and root means square error (RMSE). The results of the study obtained an average tree diameter of 42.8 cm with the inverval of 22-99 cm and a mean tree height of 16.6 m with the distribution of 11-31 m. The Power model showed the best fit to explain the relationship model between the diameter and height of the S. assamica with an R² of 74% and an RMSE of 1.72 m. It indicated Power model could facilitate more efficient tree height estimation of S. assamica in the study site

Estimation of Potential Carbon Economic Value of Bamboo In Community Forest Area in Rumpin-Dalam Hamlet, Rumpin Village, Bogor District

2025-06-14T06:38:53+07:00

Community forests represented one area that could be utilized in carbon trading. Rumpin-Dalam Hamlet had an area in the form of a community forest with a bamboo forest formation. The planned construction of the Serpong-Bogor toll road could result in the loss of part of the bamboo forest. This study aimed to determine the potential of bamboo, biomass, absorption, and economic value of carbon in the bamboo forest. The research procedure began with the determination and placement of plots in the bamboo forest. Biomass data collection occurred in a non-destructive manner (without causing damage). The next step was to calculate biomass, carbon stock, carbon sequestration, and the carbon economic value. The research results showed that there were five types of bamboo in the Rumpin-Dalam Hamlet Community Forest. These types included apus bamboo (Gigantochloa apus), mayan bamboo (Gigantochloa robusta), black bamboo (Gigantochloa atroviolacea), ater bamboo (Gigantochloa atter), and betung bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper). Bamboo forests in the area absorbed a carbon potential of 403.55 tCO₂ and had a carbon economic value of US$ 20,177.5.

Biomechanical Properties of Pinang Jawa (Pinanga javana): Structural Performance and Ecological Significance

2025-08-05T21:15:46+07:00

The mechanical strength of Pinang Jawa (Pinanga javana), an endemic palm species in Java, is essential for understanding its structural resilience and ecological role. This study characterizes its biomechanical properties by evaluating the modulus of rupture (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) using standardized three-point bending tests. Samples were collected sustainably from mature palms on Mount Slamet, ensuring minimal ecological disruption. Results indicate that the MOR ranged from 7.78 to 14.47 MPa, with a mean of 11.24 MPa (±2.19 MPa), and MOE values spanned from 440.82 to 792.95 MPa, averaging 572.17 MPa (±89.48 MPa). Statistical analysis, including 95% confidence intervals of [9.77, 12.71] MPa for MOR and [512.06, 632.28] MPa for MOE, confirmed the reliability of these estimates. A one-way ANOVA revealed significant variability in MOE (p < 0.05), attributed to the anisotropic nature and heterogeneous fiber orientation, while MOR showed less pronounced variability (p > 0.05), suggesting consistent rupture resistance. These findings highlight the stem’s moderate mechanical properties compared to other palms and provide insights into its structural adaptations. This study enhances the understanding of Pinang Jawa’s biomechanical behavior, reinforcing its ecological significance as an endemic species and supporting further research on palm biomechanics and conservation strategies

Optimizing Growth of Parkia speciosa Hassk Seedlings: The Synergistic Impact of Chicken Manure Briquette Dosage and Watering Intervals for Supporting Agroforestry Practices

2025-02-05T09:36:54+07:00

Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) is a multi-purpose tree species (MPTS) that offers a sustainable solution for perennial cultivation in the Besitang District, within the Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) area, particularly in regions currently dominated by oil palm plantations. This study aims to obtain the dose of chicken manure briquettes and watering interval that produce the best growth of Petai seedlings. This study used a Factorial Completely Randomised Design (F-CRD) with observation parameters of height, diameter, number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight and shoot and root dry weight. The results showed that the interaction of manure briquette dose treatment and watering interval showed significant results on height, diameter, number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight but no significant effect found on the root fresh weight of Petai plants. The treatment 1 kg briquettes and watering every three days gave the best results in the parameters of height (15.57 cm), diameter increase (0.34 cm), number of leaves (103 strands), shoot fresh weight (39.96 grams), shoot dry weight (33.24 grams) and root dry weight (21.98 grams). Therefore, it is recommended to apply organic chicken manure briquette fertilizer at a dose of 1kg and watering frequency of once every three days for the preparation of Petai seedlings to planting in Besitang District

Structure, Composition, and Diversity of Dry Tropical Forest Types in the Sisimeni Sanam Forest Area, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province

2025-02-26T14:31:21+07:00

Sisimeni Sanam Forest Area is a tropical dry forest area on Timor Island that plays an important role in life, such as maintaining and preserving soil fertility, being the lungs of the world, being a place for living things to live, being a source of biodiversity, regulating water management, and preventing the dangers of flooding and erosion. Data and information regarding the ecology of vegetation in this forest are still limited. This study aims to determine the structure, composition, and diversity of vegetation types in the Sisimeni Sanam Forest Area. The method used is a systematic sampling method using a double rectangular plot with a plot size of 20 x 20 m (trees), 10 x 10 m (poles), 5 x 5 m (sapling), and 2 x 2 m (seedlings and understorey). The results of the study showed that the types of vegetation found were 49 species grouped into 25 families. Cromolaena odorata has the highest relative density and frequency values at the seedling and understorey levels, while Tectona grandis (teak) dominates at the sapling, pole, and tree levels. The important value index at each growth level is in the high category with a value range of 200% - 300%. The value of the Species Diversity Index (H') in the Sisimeni Sanam Forest Area shows a number <1, meaning it is included in the low category. Forests with low species diversity values indicate that the forest area has experienced disturbance or forest damage caused by both nature and humans

Ethnobotanical Study on the Use of Mangroves as a Food Source in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province

2025-02-19T06:40:32+07:00

The current global food crisis requires heightened attention from various countries, including Indonesia. In addressing this issue, mangrove plants present significant potential to be developed as alternative sources of functional food. This study aimed to document ethnobotanical practices related to the use of mangrove plants as food sources in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. The research was conducted from March to June 2024 in Sidodadi and Gebang Villages, Teluk Pandan District, Pesawaran Regency. A snowball sampling technique was employed to collect comprehensive data regarding the use of mangrove plants as food ingredients. The information gathered included the plant species utilized, specific plant parts used, processing methods, food products derived, and their perceived benefits. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation, and were analyzed using a descriptive-analytical approach to elucidate usage patterns and processing methods of mangroves as functional food sources. The findings revealed that coastal communities in Pesawaran Regency utilize two types of mangrove plants for food: Legundi (Vitex trifolia) and Bakau (Rhizophora mucronata). These species are processed into various food products, including kitchen spices, flour, syrup, and coffe, which serve not only as nutritional items but are also believed to possess medicinal and health-promoting properties

Efficiency of Timber Skidding Operation in Pasoh Forest Jelebu, Peninsular Malaysia

2025-07-31T08:13:02+07:00

Timber skidding is one of the most important elements of forest harvesting. The forest harvesting process includes all operations from tree cutting and logging to a mill, rail depot, or ship dock. Efficiency is the ability to avoid wasting materials, energy, efforts, money, and time in doing something or in producing a desired result. For skidding operation, widely using crawler tractors as a medium in transporting logs to the temporary log yard requires attention from many sides. This is because it may affect productivity and the time consumed to do the work. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between distance, time, and productivity of skidding operation by crawler tractor and take place at Compartment 65 and 66 Pasoh Forest Reserve, Jelebu, Peninsular Malaysia. Thus, in this study, the distribution of work elements on time consumption shows that skidding seems to consume more time compared to other processes, since crawler tractor workers manually do the work. As a result, the average volume per trip, productivity, and time for skidding using a crawler tractor at the initial skidding area close to the landing are 27.74 m3, 54.65 m3, and 13.5 minutes, respectively. The total distance travelled by the crawler tractor to handle the load also influenced the efficiency of time and consequently affected the rate of productivity. The harvesting operation in Pasoh Forest Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan, Peninsular Malaysia is still well managed to produce timber products, and the skidding operation in this site is efficient and productive. As the suggestion, more study need to be conducted in vary in term of distances, times, and volumes, and in various conditions representing the timber skidding operation in this area.

The Utilization Rubber Wood Finger Joint Laminated for Furniture Application

2025-06-23T15:37:22+07:00

Rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) was considered a promising alternative material in furniture manufacturing due to its favorable physical and mechanical properties, sufficient availability, and relatively high economic value. However, it lacked natural durability and was vulnerable to insect and fungal attacks, requiring preservative treatment before use. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of Finger Joint Laminated (FJL) products made from preservative-treated rubber wood as a potential raw material for furniture. The research involved wood selection, preservative treatment using deltamethrin and boric acid via the vacuum-pressure method, fabrication of FJL using three adhesive compositions (PVAc, PVAc + 5% hardener, and PVAc + 15% hardener), and testing of physical (moisture content and density) and mechanical (modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture) properties according to BS 373:1957 standards.

The results showed that all FJL variants met the density requirements stated in SNI 01-0608-2017. The FJL bonded with 15% PVAc and hardener achieved the highest density and exhibited superior mechanical strength. Although the addition of hardener increased the moisture content, it remained within the acceptable limit (<15%) as defined in SNI 01-0608-1989. The improvement in mechanical performance was attributed to enhanced cross-linking in the adhesive. Some mechanical failures were likely caused by uneven adhesive application. In conclusion, rubber wood treated with preservatives and processed into FJL with optimal adhesive composition demonstrated strong potential as material for furniture production

Grouping of Performance Effectiveness Assessment of Forest Management Units in North Sumatra Province

2025-07-30T09:09:35+07:00

Forest Management Units (FMU) are established to realize the effective and sustainable management of forests and other management plans, including organization, implementation management, as well as control and supervision. The management of forests by FMU is closely tied to the role of existing human resources, both qualitatively and quantitatively, as well as the rate of deforestation. To understand the extent of FMU's performance success, an instrument in the form of a Performance Assessment is needed as an evaluation tool for achieving forest management, one of which is by using the questionnaire based on the Technical Guidelines for Assessing Effective Forest Management Institutions in Supporting Independent Communities and Sustainable Forests from the Director of Forest Utilization Planning Development. The performance assessment variables are then processed using cluster analysis to obtain groupings of FMUs in North Sumatra Province based on clusters and the average effectiveness value of FMUs. The research results show that there are 3 Clusters with details for Cluster I consisting of 7 (seven) Units, Cluster II consisting of 11 (eleven) Units, and Cluster III consisting of 15 (fifteen) Units. The characteristics obtained in Cluster 1 indicate that all variables are above the population average, which represents Effective FMUs