Journal of Sylva Indonesiana

2024-08-31

Vol. 7, No. 02, August 2024

Utilization of Three Species of Mangrove Wood Branches for Briquettes and Its Preference as Alternative Solid Biofuel

Hardiansyah Tambunan — 2024-09-04

Wood briquettes - one of the biomass energies - were produced from three species of mangrove wood branches, namely mata buaya (Bruguiera sexangula), buta-buta (Excoecaria agallocha), and bakau minyak (Rhizophora apiculata) using three types of starch adhesives made from tapioca, maize, and potato. This study aimed to evaluate user preferences for the kind of fuel, and responses to acceptance of the use of briquettes, and to analyze the effect of attributes on interest in using wood briquettes from mangrove wood branches. Cylindrical briquettes were produced in dimensions of 3 cm diameter and 4 cm thickness. After obtaining all the data, variance analysis and chi-square analysis were conducted. Before conducting the preference survey, evaluations of calorific value and color performance were carried out. The wood briquettes of this study have a calorific value that has met the ISO 17225-3:2-2020 standard of class A2. Even though the three types of wood briquettes differ in their L* (brightness), a* (red/green), and b* (blue/yellow) values, each briquette has a neutral color. A survey was conducted on 60 respondents using a questionnaire to evaluate user preferences for the type of fuel, responses to acceptance of the use of briquettes, and the effect of attributes on interest in using wood briquettes from mangrove wood branches. The results showed that gas is still the most preferred fuel by respondents, with as many as 35 people (58.33%). Meanwhile, 54 respondents (90%) stated they would use wood briquettes. Wood briquettes made of Bakau minyak wood species were the most preferred, with as many as 28 people (46.67%). The chi-square analysis results suggested no relationship between the preference for using wood briquettes from mangrove wood branches and fuel attributes. Based on this study, wood briquettes of mangrove wood branches have the potential to be an alternative fuel as long as their availability is easy to obtain.

Seedling Growth Evaluation of Rehabilitated Mangrove and Carbon Estimation of Two Types of Mangroves in Perlis, Langkat, North Sumatra

Ahmad Hisyam Pulungan — 2024-08-31

Perlis Village is around the mangrove forest in Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. This village has several barren lands potentially planted with mangroves. They were considering that the livelihoods of most of the people were fishermen and mangrove crab catchers. It is necessary to plant and rehabilitate damaged mangrove forests to restore and repair the ecosystem in Perlis Village. Planting activities were carried out in locations considered suitable for planting 200 seedlings. Three transects were made to obtain vegetation analysis data and carbon content. Each transect consists of six plots in natural forest and restoration forest. When the seedlings at the planting location were 3 months old, observations were carried out again, and of the 135 plants, approximately 67.16 percent were still alive from a total of 200 seedlings planted. Carbon storage in natural forests is 69 Mg ha^-1 and 41.64 Mg ha^-1 in restoration forests. By enriching the methods and estimating the potential carbon stocks of natural and rehabilitated mangroves in Perlis village in the context of Indonesia's climate change mitigation strategy, it is hoped that this information has the potential to help the blue carbon research community and policymakers

Optimization of CO2 Laser Cutting Variables of Sengon Plywood (Paraserianthes falcataria) Using Response Surface Methodology

Muhammad Dimaz Nugraha — 2024-08-31

Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) wood is used for various purposes, including furniture, plywood, pallets, and building materials. Consumer demand for decorative wood is increasing, so innovation is needed to make it more productive and efficient. A laser cutting machine is one of the alternatives to answer this problem. Because CO₂ gas wavelength and energy density offer the highest cutting quality, CO₂ lasers are appropriate for wood processing. This study aims to determine the effect of laser power intensity and cutting speed on cutting plywood to get the best results. The plywood used has a thickness of 12 mm. The laser intensities used were 30 Watt, 35 Watt, 40 Watt, 45 Watt, and 50 Watt with cutting speeds of 2 mm/s, 4 mm/s, 6 mm/s, and 8 mm/s, with nozzle standoff distance set to 10 mm. In each repetition on the same sheet determine the comparison or variation of each variable used. Based on the measurement results, the highest width was obtained at 50 Watt power and 2 mm/s speed, and the lowest at 35 Watt power and 8 mm/s. The highest depth was 50 Watt and 2 mm/s, and the lowest was 30 Watts and 4 mm/s. The overall color change (∆E*) increased with increasing laser power. The higher the laser power, the more the color change increases. The change in ∆E* decreased as the laser speed increased. The optimization of cutting sengon plywood with CO₂ laser using RSM method resulted in an optimum combination at 40 Watt laser power and 8 mm/s speed with a desirability value of 0.623

Mechanical Properties and Durability of Impregnated Sengon Wood Using Monoethylene Glycol and SiO2 Nanoparticles

Istie Rahayu — 2024-08-31

Sengon wood (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) is a short-rotation wood which has weak quality characteristics, i.e., low specific gravity, strength, durability, density, and dimensional stability. This study aimed to find out the impact of monoethylene glycol (MEG) and SiO₂ nanoparticle impregnation treatment on mechanical properties (MOE, MOR, and hardness) and wood durability. Four kinds of solution were used to impregnate sengon wood: untreated (water), 50% MEG, MEGSiO₂ 0.5%, and MEGSiO₂ 1%. The impregnation process was initiated by applying 0.5 atm of vacuum for 60 minutes, followed by 2.5 bar of pressure for 120 minutes. The results showed that MEG and SiO₂ nanoparticle impregnation treatment significantly affected the mechanical properties (MOE, MOR, and hardness) and the durability of sengon wood against dry wood and subterranean termite bites. The optimum treatment to increase the properties of sengon wood so that its strength class increases to III-IV and durability class IV was MEG SiO₂ 1% treatment

Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process in Strategy of Human Resource Capacity Building at The Karya Lestari Farmers Group, Sibaganding Village, Simalungun Regency

Friska Irene Simanjuntak — 2024-08-31

Social Forestry is a system of sustainable forest management implemented in state forest areas/private forests/customary forests by local communities or customary law communities as executors. This study aims to analyze the priority level of Human Resources (HR) capacity-building strategies in the Karya Lestari Farmers Group, Sibaganding Village, Girsang Sipangan Bolon District, Simalungun Regency. The research was carried out from September to November 2022 using primary and secondary data. The method used is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) using the Software Expert Choice tool. The data collection method is the Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Based on the results of the AHP, the priority of the HR capacity-building strategy is the criteria for increasing group knowledge in managing business potential to produce products that have good selling value and sell well in the market in the first place. The criteria for applying to the relevant agency to be included in group business management training activities are in second place and the criteria for establishing cooperation with related parties to help introduce group business products are in third place. Alternative aspects of institutional management are in first place, alternative aspects of area management are in second place and alternative aspects of business management are in third place

Study Population and Characteristic Habitat of Grizzled Leaf Monkey (Presbytis comata Desmarest, 1822) in Gunung Botol Resort, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park

Indri Septiani — 2024-08-31

The grizzled leaf monkey (Presbytis comata) is a protected endemic species of West Java based on the Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018 concerning Protected Plant and Animal Species. The research was conducted in May-June 2022 in the Gunung Botol Resort, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. This research aims to identify population numbers and characteristics of the grizzled leaf monkey’s habitat. This research was carried out by observation using the modified line transect method. There were 21 grizzled leaf monkey individuals consisting of 19 individuals from five groups and two solitary individuals. The distribution of meeting points is at an altitude between 1.119-1.292 masl. The population density in the three blocks ranges from 12.5 to 60 individuals/km². The estimated grizzled leaf monkey population at the Gunung Botol Resort is 785 individuals. The group size of grizzled leaf monkeys ranges from 2-6 individuals. The age structure of grizzled leaf monkeys showed a value of 42.86% for the adults and 28.57% for the pre-adult and adolescents. The results of measurements of temperature obtained an average of 19.90-21.60°C with an air humidity of 71.87-90.51%. The slope of the research block ranges from 25-40%, and the altitude ranges from 1.119-1.292 masl. The diversity of vegetation types in the Gunung Botol Resort was found in 98 species and 43 families. The tree-level vegetation type that has the highest Importance Value Index is the ki merak (Eura javanica) at 105.69%. There were 15 species of grizzled leaf monkey fodder trees identified from 11 families. There are 6 species of grizzled leaf monkey sleeping trees identified and come from 4 families

The Diversity of Understorey Plants In Siranggas Wildlife Reserve, Pakpak Bharat District, North Sumatra

Nurul Annisa Br. Nasution — 2024-08-31

Information on the diversity of understorey plants in Siranggas Wildlife Sanctuary is still limited. This research was carried out to determine the diversity of understory at the Siranggas Wildlife Sanctuary Area, Pakpak Bharat Regency, North Sumatra. The study was conducted using purposive sampling method, with 5 sampling sites. Twenty plots measuring 2m x 2m were placed at each site to obtain a total 100 plots. The result showed that there were 41 species of understory plants found in the Siranggas Wildlife reserve, consisting of two division namely Pteridophytes (10 species) and Spermatophytes (31 species). The highest Important Value Index (IVI) value of understory plants in the study was obtained for Selaginella intermedia at 28,6%. The diversity index of all understory plants in the study was categorized as moderate level at value 2,88. The understory plants uniformity index was relatively high at 0,77. The species of understory plants in the study area must be preserved to maintain their sustainability.

Population and Habitat Management Development Strategy in The Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) Conservation Area

Asep Perry Muhammad Athoriez — 2024-08-31

Tropical forests in Indonesia, which are mega biodiversity countries, have a rich diversity of species, including the Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis). This species is found in the Batangtoru landscape, mostly in the Other Use Areas (OUA) zone, which can pose a potential threat. The importance of meaningful and long-term local stakeholder engagement. It is necessary to strengthen the management capacity among stakeholders. Therefore, a study of the strategy for developing conservation area management is required. This research aimed to analyze the development and management strategy of conservation areas by related institutions to support the Tapanuli orangutan population and habitat conservation. Despite facing various threats to orangutan conservation, stakeholders still have internal strength. The strategy that must be implemented is to use strength to take advantage of long-term opportunities through a diversification strategy

Evaluation of Macro Nutrition in Some Hybrid Clones of Eucalyptus spp. on Andisol and Inceptisol Soil in North Sumatra

Darwin Sinurat — 2024-08-31

Eucalyptus spp. is one of the most widely planted genera for pulp and paper industrial forests (Hutan Tanaman Industri/HTI) in the world, specifically in Indonesia, due to its productivity and wood properties. The growth and productivity of eucalypts in North Sumatra depend on the type of soil and the clone used. The purpose of this study was to look at the macronutrient content in different soil types and to evaluate the macronutrient content in plant biomass with different clones to keep the nutrient conditions in the soil maintained. This research was conducted at 3 of the eucalyptus plantation sector in North Sumatera with hybrids of eucalyptus clones that were 48 months old. Height, diameter breast height (DBH), and survival data were taken. Wood, leaf, bark, and soil samples were taken for nutrient analysis in the laboratory. The results showed that there were differences in soil macronutrients (N, P, K, Mg, and Ca) among the three types of soil. The average growth also showed a significant difference in growth in each soil order. There were differences in nutrients in plant biomass for the clones tested, and there were differences in nutrients in each part of the plant biomass. Wood and bark that were taken from the tree while harvesting had a greater amount than the biomass that stays in the field (leaf and branch). The different fertilization regimes in the research area are one way to increase the productivity of eucalyptus plants in the field