Multi-Stakeholder Synergy in Waste Management Toward a Clean and Sustainable North Sumatra

Zaid Perdana Nasution; Vita Cita Emia Tarigan; Oding Affandi; Hafizhul Khair; Yasmine Anggia Sari; Afriadi Bin Sanusi

Authors

Zaid Perdana Nasution Universitas Sumatera Utara
Vita Cita Emia Tarigan Universitas Sumatera Utara
Oding Affandi Universitas Sumatera Utara https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3480-0092
Hafizhul Khair Universitas Sumatera Utara https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0317-6856
Yasmine Anggia Sari Universitas Sumatera Utara https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8841-8368
Afriadi Bin Sanusi University Muhammadiyah Malaysia https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2412-089X

Keywords:

Waste Management, North Sumatra, Stakeholder Analysis, Multi-Stakeholder Synergy, Sustainability

Abstract

Waste management in North Sumatra faces complex challenges encompassing technical, legal, institutional, and community behavior aspects. The increase in waste generation, unbalanced with adequate management capacity, impacts environmental quality and public health, thus requiring a sustainable, collaboration-based approach. This research analyzes the legal framework and policy implementation of waste management in North Sumatra through Stakeholder Analysis, exploring the roles, interests, and authorities of local governments, educational institutions, the private sector, and communities in the waste management system. This normative legal research with a limited empirical approach examines national and regional regulations, provincial and district/city policies, as well as field practices. The findings indicate that the legal substance provides an adequate normative basis, but policy effectiveness is hindered by weak institutional structures, limited infrastructure, and inconsistent law enforcement, which reduce public compliance and participation. Multi-stakeholder synergy serves as the key to enhancing effectiveness through policy innovations, institutional capacity building, and changes in community behavior. Strengthening the waste management model oriented toward source reduction, reuse, and environmentally friendly final disposal requires integration of legal substance, institutional structures, and community legal culture. The success of a clean and sustainable North Sumatra depends on consistent cross-sector collaboration within a framework of shared responsibility.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdussamad, J., Tui, F. P., Mohamad, F., & Dunggio, S. (2022). Implementation of waste management policies through the waste bank program at the Bone Bolango Regency Environmental Agency. Publik: Journal of Human Resource Management, Administration and Public Services, 9(4), 850–868.

Afriansyah, A., Kusumo, A. T. S., Sitamala, A., & Kinanti, F. M. (2023). State practice of Asian countries in international law: Indonesia. Asian Yearbook of International Law, 29, 211–220.

Akib, M. (2014). Environmental Law from a Global and National Perspective. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.

Ali, Z. (2019). Legal Research Methods. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.

Amir, F., Miru, A. S., & Sabara, E. (2025). Urban household behavior in Indonesia: Drivers of zero waste participation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.17864.

Anggriani, D., Purba, B., Saragih, I. J., Aisyah, S., & Anzani, W. (2024). Analysis of the Effects of Household Waste on Environmental Pollution in the City of Medan. EKOMA: Journal of Economics, Management, Accounting, 4(1), 187–192.

Anies. (2015). Environment-Based Diseases. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.

Antara Jatim, East Java is committed to managing waste based on a circular economy model, accessed from https://megapolitan.antaranews.com/berita

Antara Jatim, The Surabaya City Government targets 500 waste sorting sites, accessed from https://jatim.antaranews.com/berita/914457/pemkot-surabaya-targetkan-500-tempat-pemilihan-sampah?utm_source.com

Antara. (2023). Medan City Government: Waste management is not only the responsibility of the government. Retrieved from https://sumut.antaranews.com/berita/598593/pemkot-medan-pengelolaan-sampah-bukan-hanya-tanggung-jawab-pemerintah?utm_source.com

Aqmalia, R., Anwary, A. Z., & Jalpi, A. (2020). The relationship between behavioral domains and waste management at Balitbangda Balangan. Journal of Public Health, 30.

Bram. (2014). Environmental Law. Bekasi: Gramata Publishing.

Charitou, A., Aga-Spyridopoulou, R. N., Mylona, Z., Beck, R., McLellan, F., & Addamo, A. M. (2021). Investigating the Knowledge and Attitude of The Greek Public Towards Marine Plastic Pollution and the EU Single-Use Plastics Directive. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 166, 112182.

Daffa Athallah, A. L., Hamdi, M., & Rahmah, M. (2024). Determinant factors for the successful implementation of waste management policies in Semarang City. Journal of Government Policy, 7(2), 43–60.

Damanhuri, E., & Padmi, T. (2016). Integrated waste management. Bandung: Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology.

Dermawan, D., Lahming, L., & Mandra, M. A. S. (2018). Study of waste management strategies. UNM Environmental Journals, 1(3), 86–90.

Dewanti, M., Purnomo, E. P., & Salsabila, L. (2020). Analysis of the Effectiveness of Waste Banks as an Alternative to Waste Management in Achieving a Smart City in Kulon Progo Regency. Publisia: Journal of Public Administration, 5(1).

Fadhillah, F. (2018). The Right to a Good and Healthy Environment in the Context of Air Quality in Jakarta. Jakarta: Indonesia Center for Environmental Law.

Firdausi, E. (2024). Implementation of sustainable waste management: A case study of the Waste Bank in Kotabaru Village, Yogyakarta City. Journal of Ecology, Society and Science, 5(1), 60–65.

Hardjasoemantri, K. (2018). Environmental Law. Yogyakarta: Andi.

Hasibuan, M. R., & Siagian, S. P. (2023). Implementation of waste management policies through the waste bank program (a study of the Permata Hati-DLH Waste Bank in Medan City). Journal of Governance Opinion, 8(2), 62–67.

Kurniawan, D. A., & Santoso, A. Z. (2020). Waste management in the Sepatan area of Tangerang Regency. ADI Community Service Journal, 1(1), 31–36.

Manalu, P., Tarigan, F. S., Girsang, E., & Ginting, C. N. (2022). Barriers to the Implementation of Household Waste Management Policies in Binjai City. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Health, 21(3), 285–292.

Marlina, M., Mulyadi, M., Syahrin, A., & Harahap, E. S. (2024). Imposition of additional penalties on corporations that commit environmental crimes (study of decision Number 349/Pid.B/LH/2019/PN.Plw). Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review, 3(1).

Maskun, M., Mohamad Khalid, R., Ratnawati, R., Mutawalli Mukhlis, M., Anggara, W., & Ramli, R. N. R. (2024). Strengthening Indonesia’s Waste Management Laws: Compliance with Public Health and Marine Conservation Norms. Substantive Justice International Journal of Law, 7(2), 142–166.

Munthe, N. M. U., Nanda, M., Aisyah, S. N., Hasibuan, R., Wulandari, T., Pohan, R., & Nasution, N. I. (2025). Analysis of waste management at the PON event at the Multipurpose Astaka Medan Pancing Sport Center. HEARTY, 13(4), 1001–1008.

Mustaghfiroh, U., Ni’mah, L. K., Sundusiyah, A., Addahlawi, H. A., & Hidayatullah, A. F. (2024). Implementation of the principles of good environmental governance in waste management in Indonesia. Bina Hukum Lingkungan, 4(2), 279–291.

Nainggolan, D., Agusmidah, A., & Harianto, D. (2025). Implementation of law in imposing sanctions on littering on roads for environmental sustainability using the theory of living law: Research. Journal of Community Service and Educational Research, 4(2), 12675–12682.

Nurmayadi, D., & Hendardi, A. R. (2020). Waste Management Using the Behavior Mapping Approach. Jaz, 3, 45–52.

Okhtafianny, T., & Ariani, R. (2023). Analysis of waste management policy implementation in Payakumbuh City. Journal of Economics, Business, Management, and Accounting (JEBMA), 3(2), 537–550.

Pawitra Sari, R. F. (2023). Integrated Waste Management System with Green Building Assessment Principles at Jakarta International Stadium. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1–12.

Prajati, A. J. G. (2019). Analysis of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors on urban waste generation in Sumatra Island. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 13.

Rahmadi, T. (2011). Environmental Law in Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.

Rahmawati, A. F., & Syamsu, F. D. (2021). Analysis of sustainable waste management in urban areas in Indonesia. Binagogik Journal, 8(1), 1–12.

Rokan, M. P., Natsir, M., Asnawi, M. I., Rambe, M. I., & Tarigan, V. C. E. (2025). Integration of green procurement in procurement contracts: Strategies for realizing sustainable procurement with impact in Indonesia. Lex Generalis Law Journal, 6(11).

Simbolon, B. R., Pin, P., & Gulo, T. Y. (2023). Implementation of Medan Mayor Regulation No. 18 of 2021 concerning the delegation of waste management to sub-districts: A case study in Medan Sunggal Subdistrict. Meta Law Journal, 2(1), 176–185.

Siregar, E. Z., Harahap, N. M., Hasibuan, N., Harahap, A. B., Ritonga, A. H., & Harahap, M. E. U. (2023). Utilization of household waste in Bargot Topong Village, Batang Angkola District, South Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province. Kifah: Journal of Community Service, 2(2), 149–160.

Situmorang, J. T. (2022). The role of subdistrict heads in addressing waste problems in Medan Baru Subdistrict, Medan City, North Sumatra Province (Doctoral dissertation, Institute of Domestic Governance).Slamet, J. S. (2011). Kesehatan Lingkungan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Sugiyono. (2020). Quantitative, qualitative, and R&D research methods. Bandung: Alfabeta.

Swerda, B. (2012). Waste Bank (Theoretical Study and Application). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Rimaha.

University of North Sumatra. (2023). Processing waste, fostering hope: USU TPST builds a zero waste movement from campus. Retrieved from https://www.usu.ac.id/id/berita/mengolah-sampah-menumbuhkan-harapan-tpst-usu-bangun-gerakan-zero-waste-dari-kampus

University of North Sumatra. (2023). USU and North Sumatra Provincial Government inaugurate integrated waste management facility. Retrieved from https://www.usu.ac.id/id/berita/usu-bersama-pemprov-sumut-resmikan-tempat-pengolahan-sampah-terpadu

Yogiesti, V., Hariyani, S., & Sutikno, F. R. (2010). Community-based integrated waste management in Kediri City. Journal of Urban and Regional Planning, 2(2), 95–102.