Construction Design And Drive System On Plastic Bolt Printing Machine With Msme Scale

ABSTRACT


Introduction
In everyday life, humans are certainly no strangers to objects made of plastictype materials, there are many types of objects made of plastic-type materials, such as chairs, plates, glasses, and so on.To make a product that uses plastic pellets as raw material, you have to use a printing machine or usually what is often called a molding machine, where the use of this molding machine is the process of changing from plastic pellets to a desired product.In the process of testing the manufacture of plastic bolts, we use raw materials with a type of plastic pellets, which are made from LLDPE.In the initial process, the prepared LLDPE plastic pellets are put into a hopper with a capacity of 5 kg.Then enter a pipe in which there is a screw which functions to push the plastic pellets so that they can enter the next stage of the process, in the next stage the plastic pellets are melted using a band heater whose temperature is regulated using a thermocontroller so that the temperature is stable and so that the plastic pellets can melt smoothly.perfect, if it has melted the plastic pellets will come out and immediately enter the plastic bolt mold, after it cools the mold opens and the plastic bolt drops into the container.So in testing the tool that we are going to design and build, that is to find out the strength of the frame and the drive system on this plastic bolt molding machine and to make plastic bolt molds with the type size M 24.

Methods
In conducting research related to construction design and drive systems on plastic screw molding machines with an MSME scale, the following research methods can be used: a. Study of literature Conduct a literature study to gain an in-depth understanding of existing plastic bolt molding machines, drive systems, and constructions.Read the latest developments, technology used, and design methods that have been carried out by previous research.
b. Needs analysis Perform a needs analysis to identify specific needs in designing a plastic screw molding machine for the MSME scale.Engage with business owners, machine operators and other potential users to obtain input on operational needs, production capacity, desired size of plastic bolts and other relevant factors.
c. Conceptual design Use a concept-based design approach to produce initial concepts for designing plastic bolt molding machines.Based on the requirements analysis, draw up conceptual sketches and diagrams depicting the possible construction and drive systems.
d. Analysis and simulation Use simulation and engineering analysis software to validate the resulting design concept.Perform structural analysis, kinematic analysis or other relevant analysis to ensure that the machine construction and propulsion system can handle the expected loads and stresses.
e. Prototypes and trials Make a prototype of a plastic bolt molding machine based on the conceptual design that has been simulated, conduct practical trials to verify the performance of the machine, drive system, and construction, record and analyze the results of these trials to identify weaknesses and make improvements to the design if necessary.
f. Evaluation and improvement Evaluation of the prototype based on predetermined performance parameters, such as production efficiency, reliability, production costs, and the quality of the plastic bolts produced, identify weaknesses or problems that arise during testing, and make improvements to the design to improve the performance and effectiveness of the printing press.
g. Implementation After the design of the plastic bolt molding machine has been tested and improved, prepare implementation recommendations for implementing the molding machine on the MSME scale, provide operational guidance, training and maintenance needed so that the machine can be used properly by MSME.
In this study, the steps as shown in ( Figure 2) are carried out , namely the flow chart for making plastic bolt molding machines.➢ The factor of safety was originally defined as a number dividing the ultimate strength of a material to determine the "working stress" or "design stress".The calculation of the safety factor in a parameter of the success of the safety factor in determining the safety of the construction of both the machine and the framework is seen from its value using the following formula: So for the dimensions of the pulleys used the outer diameter is 76 and the inside diameter is 20 mm.

Discussion of Frame Construction
On the frame that will be made on the plastic bolt molding machine, it uses materials with the type of material, namely galvanized or what is commonly called hollow iron using a size of 4 x 4 cm and a thickness of 2 mm.

Load name Load Image Load Details
Force-1 Entities: 8 face(s) Type: apply normal forces Values: 2,500 N In the strength analysis of the plastic bolt molding machine frame construction, an application is used, namely solidwork to find out how strong the plastic bolt molding machine frame is against the load received.The following is an analysis of the results of a frame load simulation on a plastic bolt molding machine.Assumed loads for trials on the simulated strength of the frame against the load received.a. Change of shape (Displacement) The most curved part of the bolt molding machine frame is the reddest area of 0.266 mm in the center section.

Conclusion
From the results of the design and manufacture of this plastic bolt molding machine, it can be concluded as follows: a. Conclusion .The conclusions obtained from the design and testing of this plastic screw machine are that the electric motor used is a 4-valve electric motor type which has 1500 rpm and is then transmitted by a gear box with a WPA 40 type ratio of 1: 30, for pulleys used which are made of material with a type of aluminum which has a diameter of 72.2 mm.In the framework simulation using the solidworks application using a type of material, namely galvanized steel in the frame trial, then at the main frame stress stress the largest stress is 2.036 x 10 8 N/m 2 and the smallest stress is 3.172 x 10 3 N/m 2 , and the results of the calculation process show where the condition of the framework after calculations using the software is explained that the yield strength has a magnitude with a value of 2.039 x 10 8 N /m 2 of the maximum stress with a value of 3.172 x 10 3 N/m 2 .

b. Suggestion
In this research, it is limited only to discussing theoretical design, therefore there is a need for further research with the aim of building additional mechanisms for an automated system that is even better than the previous one, for molds / moldings to be even more perfect in design and manufacturing processes on the mould/molding, and further research should be needed using a cooling system so that the plastic bolt cools quickly in the mould/molding.

Figure 2 Research Systematic Diagram 3 .
Figure 2 Research Systematic Diagram

➢
It is planned that the electric motor rotates at 1500 rpm and has a frequency of 50 Hz, so to determine the number of poles: = 4 polar Then the type of electric motor used is 4 poles with a rotation of 1500 rpm.➢ It is known that the rotation of the electric motor is 1500 rpm, and the gear box used is WPA 40 with a ratio of 1: 30.= 50 rpm So the speed of the electric motor used to rotate the shaft or screw is 50 rpm.➢Determining the diameter for the pulley to be used is as follows.It is known that: e = 12.5 c = 3

Figure 4
Figure 4 Results of displacement analysis on the frame b. stress stress (Stress)In this main frame, the largest stress is 2.039 x 10 8 N/m 2 and the smallest stress is 3.172 x 10 3 N/m 2 .

Figure 5 2 Figure 6
Figure 5 Results of stress analysis on the frame

Figure 7
Figure 7 Experimental results I

Figure 8
Figure 8 Results of experiment II