Hotel Resort Approach to Cultural Value and The Principle of Local Architecture in Pangururan, Samosir

The shift of local architecture to global architecture and the need for tourism and relaxation are the main reasons in designing a hotel resort at Pangururan, Samosir. The hotel resort development in this location aims to preserve the culture and provide recreation and lodging facilities with a beautiful natural landscape. the design of the hotel resort is the approach to Batak Toba culture with the neo-vernacular theme. Base on the research of local culture, five main concepts applied are local material, adaptive to climate, adaptive to site contour, space and structural flexibility by providing communal areas and the using of anti-earthquake system. This design can be used as a prototype in the development of the resort hotel in the Samosir to preserve their local culture. Keyword: adaptive, culture, flexibility, local wisdom, neo-vernacular.


Introduction
The era of globalization in Indonesia requires us to compete with other countries. When other countries are competing through technological sophistication and modernity, Indonesia has advantages that are rarely possessed by other countries, which is cultural wealth that can be a unique character in the midst of globalization. Culture makes Indonesia unique, beautiful, characterized, and has a global appeal. Today, humans tend to live in a modern world accompanied by technological sophistication, living in the hustle and bustle of cities with dense activities every day. Culture and the need for tourism are the main reason for designing a hotel resort with a neo-vernacular theme.
Lake Toba is one of 10 national tourism areas that are prioritized to be developed by the Ministry of Tourism. Lake Toba has become a lodging destination for local and foreign tourists.
This area has bonded with Batak Toba culture which is an attraction for tourists who visit.
Tourists and visitors can enjoy the beautiful natural scenery. Also, it provides a strong local culture and experience.
The theme is neo-vernacular that represent culture, and neo-vernacular is the incorporation of modern architecture with the potential of local architecture. The design of the hotel resort will apply the tangible and intangible aspects of the Batak Toba culture. This design aims to dig deeper into the Batak Toba culture, and neo-vernacular architecture moreover applies the theory and concepts of Batak Toba culture to the design of the hotel resort.

Neo-vernacular and local wisdom concept
The main focus in designing a hotel resort is the local culture. According to Koentjaraningrat [1], culture is the ideas, feelings, actions, and works produced by humans in the life of a society that is made by their own by learning. The theme in the design is Neo-Vernacular, besides preserving culture but can follow the flow of globalization. Putra [2], in 'Understanding Neo-Vernacular Architecture' article, states that Neo originates from Greek means new. So neovernacular means local language spoken in a new way.
Neo-Vernacular architecture is an application of existing architectural elements, both physical (shape, construction) and non-physical (concept, philosophy, spatial) with the aim is to preserve the local culture that have been formed empirically by a tradition which then undergoes little or more renewal towards a more modern or advanced work without ignoring local traditional values.
One of Charles Jencks's [3]    The Lake Toba area is an area that has a strong bond with Batak Toba culture. The following is a study of the Batak Toba culture literature.

Batak Toba Relationship and Village Patterns
The concept of kinship is a concept of the Batak Toba tradition illustrated into architectural elements such as the concept of Huta (village) and Ruma (residence). The settlement pattern of the Batak Toba community is in a group and linear [8] (Figure 3).    In addition to the spiritual meaning, the technology and physical form of the bolon house is a response to tropical climate conditions. Anatomy form of bolon house is adaptive to the tropical climate and environmentally friendly. The roof has a steep slope to adapt to high rainfall and symbolizes aerodynamics to overcome high wind speeds. A high building aims to allow cold air to be felt by humans in the room, and hot air can rise and diffuse out so air can be circulated to achieve thermal comfort.
Besides that, thin and light walls as a form of adaptation to high humidity levels. Sloping walls are useful for the wind to enter the room. The shape of the stage house allows the movement of air under the building. It is used to provide larger rainwater catchment areas. Opening at the wall is to maximize the light and wind to enter the room. The construction of traditional house of Bolon is using local material that is easy to obtain. Wood is the main local material for the building and palm fiber to cover the roof. All of its are the application of the principle of green architecture.
Conclusion Batak Toba culture studies are in Table 1. The function of the communal space and cooperation are the characteristics of the Batak Toba culture.

Methodology
Understanding Hotel resort refers to lodging places that are in locations that have natural beauty is become the consideration in location selection. The site is an empty land in the Aek Rangat, Pangururan, Samosir. Located on the shores of Lake Toba with pine tropical rainforests being a natural potential that supports the design of resort hotels. In addition to the nature of the site, the contoured soil conditions have the potential for a view range.
The methods used to get information related to the design approach and problem-solving include primary and secondary data. Primary data is the data obtained directly according to the conditions in the site, such as field study, interview, and documentation. Secondary data are a literature review and comparative study. Analysis and concepts are the methods used in designing hotel resort. The analysis is the process of observation and assessment of problems, site potential, activities, and design space requirements refer to the design theme. Concept design starts from schematic design base on the results of the analysis of various aspects of design.

Results and Discussion
The location for hotel resort is on 2.5 ha of land in Aek Rangat, Pangururan, Samosir Regency, North Sumatra. It is on the lake side of Lake Toba and closes to hot spring. This area has unique Batak Toba culture, which is an attraction for tourists who visit. Local and foreign tourists can enjoy the beautiful natural scenery. It provides a strong local culture and experiences. The access to Pangururan are through the street that closes to the main Samosir bridge, Silangit airport, or using a ferry boat.
The design theme is neo-vernacular because it refers to the local culture of the site, Batak Toba culture. Neo-vernacular is the incorporation of modern architecture with the potential of local architecture. The design will apply tangible (physical) and intangible (nonphysical) aspects of Batak Toba culture. The application of neo-vernacular to the building will adapt to the existing site potential. Local material, space flexibility, structural flexibility, adaptive to contour, and climate are five cultural values that applied to the design. Cultural values indirectly respond to local and natural potential. Of many aspects of culture, the design of the hotel resort will focus on:

Local Material
Wood is the dominant material used in buildings and site to represent local material of the bolon house. The building facade and fence are using bamboo and natural stones. The use of wood in the design (Figure 6-8).

Adaptive to contours
The contour on the design site is quite steep (Figure 9).

Figure 9. Site Contour
The concept of adaptive to the site contour is all buildings are using a stage house system to adapt with steep contour. The resorts arrangement is on three different contour levels ( Figure   10). Pedestrian with many stairs is very comfortable (Figure 11).

Adaptive to climate
Adaptive to climate is one of Batak Toba house concept. The design applies a triangular shape as the shape of the roof and the shape of the building because the shape of the triangle is very suitable to deal with high rainfall in tropical climate countries ( Figure 12). Natural lighting and ventilation into the room using skylights (Figure 13 and Figure 14), doors, and large glass windows ( Figure 15). Public buildings have minimal walls and facades (Figure 16) Caption of the stage house will help the air circulation in the buildings to reduce humidity. Hot winds will be filtered by vegetation around the site before entering the room.

Structure Flexibility
The structure of bolon house can overcome earthquake because the structure is flexible and moveable. The organization of the buildings is a grid with modular columns. The symmetrical building shape of the plan give balance to the building. The structure system of all buildings in design is using the anti-earthquake system. The use of base isolation systems (Figure 19) is the best system for earthquake-resistant structures. The stage house is applying base isolator between the column and foundation (Figure 20-22). The foundation used is pile foundation because this foundation can withstand the soil load in steep soil contours.

Conclusion
The application of neo-vernacular themes in the design of hotel resort emphasizes the aspects of culture that indirectly adapted to nature and the local potential. Modification of forms and building structures are modern but still in the touch of cultural elements. In general, design applies physical aspects and non-physical aspects of the local culture of the Lake Toba region, which is Batak Toba culture. Critically consider the culture of Batak Toba in the design of buildings and site such as the use of the local materials as the building facade material, interior and exterior material. The opening and building shape as adaptive to climate and contours.
Space flexibility provides a lot of communal space in the site. The building structure system is using the anti-earthquake system as the concept of structure flexibility. These five concepts become the main concepts in designing all the buildings and site of the hotel resort.