Integrated Kampong City Block in Kampong Bandur District of Medan Maimun

Kampong Badur precisely is one of the slums in Medan City with the category of slum 'very bad' based on the Office of Housing and Settlements Medan 2015. Given the issues in various developing countries precisely in big cities in Indonesia are the increase in population and the process of urbanization. For that, the selection of strategies relating to the rearrangement by improving the old function and adding a new function is the strategy of Redevelopment. An urban redevelopment project that refers to the typical residential vernacular city of Indonesia called Kampong. So, in overcoming the problem of urban slum dwelling in low-income villagers who still put forward the typical residential vernacular Indonesia (kampong) is Kampong City Block. The concept of Kampong City Block is combined with the concept of economic improvement to overcome the problems of lowincome population slum area. In the case of Kampong Badur, social mapping in terms of livelihoods obtained some livelihoods that are considered to support the economic development of the population of trade, farming, chicken breeding, and small convection industry. The integration of these four sectors will be synergized in every design process. Then, the concept of Integrated Kampong City Block is also maintaining socio-culture of Badur people so that the approach to the theme of behavioral architecture and analysis of all aspects of the village community, ranging from the concept of macro and micro. Keyword: slums, redevelopment, behavioral architecture, Kampong Badur


Introduction
Population growth is common in big cities such as Medan City which causes the proliferation of slum settlements in various places until it is uncontrolled as well. Slum settlements are unfit settlements due to building irregularity, high density, quality of buildings, and unqualified facilities and infrastructure (The Basic Law number 1 of article 56 of 2011 on Housing and Settlement Areas). The characteristics of slums include inadequate public facilities, inhabitants of socially and economically unsound slum settlements, the people have a livelihood, and a diverse level of density, settlements that have social coating based on the level of their different economies, and most residents work in the informal sector or have additional livelihoods in the informal sector [1].
Based on the theory of growth factors and the characteristics of slums mentioned and associated with the data of slum neighborhoods that exist in Medan City, Hamdan village precisely Kampong Badur district of Medan Maimun is one of the residential areas and slums with the category of slum 'very bad' [2]. Regarding the prevailing regulations, Kampong Badur in the absence of GSS, KDH, etc. Furthermore, the flood problem also inundated the Badur settlement due to the lack of Green Open Space (RTH), as well as the unavailability of a landfill (TPA) and government service which can not use the accessibility of the site to take the garbage at the settlement location due to insufficient road width. Then, the use of building materials that are not by the requirements of housing construction materials based on housing requirements according to the Head of Health Minister No.829 / Menkes / SK / VII / 1999. Slum settlement arrangement of Medan City is a difficult task to be completed from time to time, where the socio-cultural conditions of people living in urban slums have been formed by adjusting their living areas. The handling of slum settlements by relocating these communities to unruly suburban (unproductive) areas will not be an effective way for governments to address these issues. The lives of people living in urban slums are already familiar with the proximity of the business center making relocation strategies often resent by local people. For this reason, a plan/strategy for rearrangement of a settlement area by improving existing old functions and adding new functions is Redevelopment. Currently, several urban redevelopment projects refer to the typical vernacular housing of Indonesian cities, commonly called Kampong. Based on the statements previously described, vertical housing is required that emphasizes the typical vernacular occupancy of Indonesia (Kampong) in the form of Kampong City Block [3], with strategies that can retain the physical and non-physical characteristics of occupants by replacing original residents without changing old social and lifestyle / cultural attitudes.

Object Description
The scope of the case in this project is low-income housing in densely populated urban areas.
Based on the issue of slum settlement problems in the city of Medan one of them is located in the village Hamdan neighborhood 10 Kampong Badur. The assessment and design of this housing apply the right concept of vertical dwelling and contextual to the problems faced, especially the problem of the slums in the densely populated areas in general.

Theme Review
The idea of the project's basic theme is social-cultural with the improvement of the previous environmental quality by maintaining the behavioral characters of the villagers in a nonphysical and physical way that is expected to put the original residents back without changing the old social and lifestyle / cultural behavior. So that the deepening of the theme is realized with the use of architectural themes with insightful. Behavioral architecture can be interpreted as a built environment created by humans as a place to perform their activities by considering all aspects of the response or reaction of the human itself according to the mindset or perception of the human as the user. According to Amos Rapoport, in architectural design usually includes the organization of space, time, meaning, and color [4].
To determine a behavioral setting to be observed, it can take information files that categorized into: first, Human/user who is doing the activity and why doing the activity. Who controls behavior in the observation area. Second, the magnitude of the characteristics that explain how many people/hours are here, how much room is needed, how often and for how long the looping behavior occurs. Third, behavior objects like what types and how many behaviors occur, how possible the possibilities of stimulation, response, and adaptation. Fourth, activity patterns like what activities happen there, how unique and repetitive things users do.
As for the theme selection obtained from completion of low economic problems Kampung Badur people who tend to impact on the quality of facilities and infrastructure that support daily needs. It is hoped that improvements in socio-cultural aspects and potentials of prominent community habits can be used as an improvement in the economy, psychological, health, and important aspects in supporting the prosperity of the Badur people in the future.

Methodology
There are several methods carried out in the design project of Integrated Kampong City Block in Badur. Among them are location selection by collecting data by way of literature study, comparative study, field survey, social mapping, and also interview. Then, the concept approach with the method of analysis and synthesis. Finally, the final design approach which is the conclusion of the synthesis process to be translated into the design is the final design drawing.
In site selection, the project is linked to the main design issues of low-income settlements in urban dense residential areas, one of which is slum settlement with a literature review of Medan The results of the analysis study were then synthesized by combining field data sources, literature, and empirical experiences studied in the analysis. The results are then processed into a concept of planning and design in the form of ideas and problem-solving strategies that form the basic idea / basic concept associated with the basic theme of the design. The merger of all concepts obtained is a form of the conclusion that is realized into a measurable work drawing in the form of drawing plans, appearance, the section of building, details, and design perspectives.

Analysis of Behavioral Characteristics
Based on the data obtained from social mapping, the analysis of Badur village community behavior will be grouped based on the criteria of the majority of the most dominant. The translation covers the majority of religion, work, social class, and age. The behavioral discussion will examine the activities, habits (tendencies of daily behavior), needs, and hobby.
In Kampong Badur, most of the people embraced Islam, so activities and needs that tend to dominate follow the pattern of Islamic religious society. The majority of the work in Kampong Badur residents has various types. Survey data on work in Kampong Badur are traders (48%), cleaning employees in offices and hospitals (25%), pedicab drivers (21%), and less significant workers (6%). This data was done to 25 respondents who live in Kampong Badur [5]. So from the data, the majority of dominant jobs are traders. The discussion on the work to be applied in economic development will be discussed in the analysis section of business group division

Regional Potential Analysis
There is four regional potential in Kampong Badur

Analysis of Business Group Division
The

Space Program Analysis
The division of communal spaces in residential dwellings is designed with the time

Basic Concepts
The elaboration of basic concepts that are applied based on the theme of behavior are adaptability, accessibility, comfortability, privacy, sociality, protected, and supervise. In building design projects, especially residential buildings should be able to accommodate any behavior that is done in Kampong Badur. Buildings should be able to accommodate the habit of social interaction that is often done by residents. Given the characteristic of kampong is the peculiarity of interaction space formed by the activity of socialization (pocket space), then remain to be considered. The application of privacy applies to the concept of occupancy prosperous residing on the 2nd floor. The use of typical kampung alleys is applied to residential corridors so that social interaction can still take place even though the occupancy has been built vertically. The occupants of the building have a desire in terms of security, protected from the surrounding environment, but without feeling constrained. Therefore, the direction of the building is a vegetation element that is used as a building block with the surrounding environment ( Figure 6). Shelter occupancy and mass block will be used with the strategy of supervising the elements, considering the building occupants are not among adults, but also children. Therefore, the laying of each element of the building is designed to be easily visible and easily accessible.

Spatial Concept
The concept of vertical shelter is in the form of clusters adapted to the type of shelter based on the distribution of prosperous and pre-prosperous families, which is known the number of

The concept of mass and appearance
For the concept of mass in settlements, the first concerning the handling of flood response methods based on the theory and technology described in research on flooded households. There are four handling, but the designer chooses the use of Wet Flood Proofing mass concept ( Figure   10). For mass formation, the designer chooses the concept of single and double loaded, two lanes with void laying in the middle of occupancy (Figure 9). These two pathways allow interaction between citizens and the application of the pocket space in each corridor, so the concept of integrated in 4 sectors can be implemented with efficient ( Figure 11).

Conclusion
Integrated Kampong City Block here is intended to be the urban village with vertical residential development by maintaining the socio-culture of Badur people, potential livelihoods, and the hobbies of residents through the theme of behavioral architecture approach. The educational system is re-applied from social activities along with the interaction arising from the pattern of the residential alley that already existed. The addition of commercial facilities as a distribution of trade and services as well as facilities of farming and poultry (broiler) independently vertically on the concept of occupancy with limited land that is the economic improvement strategy of residents in the future. The rest of the land is used for public facilities of Medan City with green open space as a flood prevention catchment area which is presented with a row of commercial centers that adorn the waterfront of Deli river.