Reliability Level Evaluation of Passive Fire Protection System in Hospital Buildings ( Case Study : Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital )

This research focuses only on passive fire protection systems in-hospital buildings because the Hospital is public buildings that many people use as facilities for health needs. Hospital residents are not only healthy people, but most sick people are not able to save themselves because of that the building safety system must be reliable especially fire protection systems. This study uses descriptive analysis method by checking directly in the field against the variables that have determined and then analyzed, based on the weight of the AHP method after that each variable and sub-variable will be assessed with a Likert scale according to its suitability with regulations and standards, then weights will be multiplied by the value of conformity to get the reliability value. The results are the level of reliability of the building fire passive protection system 2,250 it includes which in the category enough. This is to increase the value of the level of reliability, it must fulfill the design guidelines in the form of standards. Keyword: evaluation, fire protection, hospital, the reliability level


Introduction
Fires can occur in various places such as forests, residential environments, and also buildings, namely markets, schools, libraries, terminals, shopping centers, offices, and hospitals. In buildings, there are management and fire protection systems that can rely on to prevent and overcome fire hazards. It can group fire protection systems into two parts, namely active and passive protection systems [1]. Fire active protection system is a fire protection system which comprises a complete manual or automatic fire detection system while a passive fire protection system is a fire protection system that formed or built through regulating the use of building structures and components, compartmentalization or building separators based on fire resistance, and protection against openings [2].
Hospital buildings are public facilities that used daily in a large population. The hospital is a building that must get attention in the matter of fire prevention and control, which some of its inhabitants are sick people who cannot afford to do self-rescue. The act of Republic of brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk provided by Talenta Publisher (E-Journals, Universitas Sumatera Utara) Indonesia No. 44 of 2009, concerning "Hospital," states that the need for technical requirements relating to "fire prevention and control." The fire protection system in the hospital must be reliable, especially the passive protection system. Therefore this study aims to identify and find out how reliable the application of the passive fire protection system in the hospital. We only focus this research on passive protection systems and life-saving facilities based on Planning

Procedures for Passive Protection Systems for Fire Hazard Prevention in Building Buildings
Based on standards and regulations relating to passive fire protection systems.

Literature Review
According to the Ministry of Public Works No.10 of 2000, the function of this passive protection system is to create stability in the construction structure of buildings during fires and provide protection against the spread of fires. The passive fire protection system is the ability of structural and element stability, fireproof construction, compartmentalization, and separation, and protection at existing openings to withstand and limit the speed of fire and smoke fire propagation [3]. The passive fire protection system is a fire protection system that formed or built through regulation of the use of materials and components of building structures, compartmentalization or separation of buildings based on the level of fire resistance and protection against an aperture [2].
The minimum criteria for designing a passive protection system must meet the standards set out in the Planning Procedures for Passive Protection Systems for Fire Hazard Prevention in House Buildings and Building [4]. The passive fire protection system includes 1. Buildings fireproof are Construction, Building Materials 2. Life-Saving Equipment is Signboard, Emergency Door, Emergency Stairs, Emergency Lights, Evacuation Route, Ram, Assembly Points.

Method
This research method is a descriptive method by conducting field observation and evaluation and collecting secondary data on the literature review of references, standards, and regulations related to the passive fire protection system of hospital buildings and by using the checklist to get primary data. The results got will analyze for its suitability to standards and regulations.
Then the data processed to find out the hierarchy and weighting of each variable and subvariable using the AHP method with the help of the Expert-choice application. Next is assessing each variable based on the completeness of the passive fire protection system components in the building. It modifies this assessment scale from the Likert scale theory, where the criteria for assessment determined by the number of categories used in this study. We divide the existing passive protection system rating scoring categories into four [5], (Table1). There is no component of a passive fire protection system that meets the standards 2.
2 There are several components of a passive fire protection system that do not meet the standards 3. 3 There are several components of a passive fire protection system that meet the standard 4. 4 All components of a passive fire protection system are standard Reliability values obtained by multiplying the weights with the values set for each sub-variable.
Then each value got from each sub-variable will add to get the final value of the reliability of the passive fire protection system. The reliability value of a passive fire protection system determined based on a Likert scale we determine whose value based on how many categories, in determining this category there are five assessments namely terrible, bad enough, good enough and excellent. Where the value set 0 -4 and of each interval is rounding the middle value of the number of categories (Table 2).

Results and Discussion
This  (Table 3). The following table evaluates the variables and sub-variables of the passive fire protection system of hospital buildings (Table 4). There are several components of a passive fire protection system that do not meet the standards.

Evacuation Route
Corridors must be equipped with signs indicating the direction of the emergency door or exit direction.

Inappropriat e 2
There are several components of a passive fire protection system that do not meet the standards. Corridors must be free from items that can interfere with the smooth evacuation.

Appropriate
The distance of each point in the corridor to the emergency door or the direction of exit cannot be more than 25m.

Emergency Doors
Each state-building that has more than three stories must have an emergency/rescue ladder min. 2 pieces with max. 30m (when using sprinkler max. 45 m).

Appropriate 2
There are several components of a passive fire protection system that do not meet the standards. Made of material that is resistant to smoke.
Inappropriate Emergency/Rescue ladder should not be in a vertical circle, exit on the ground floor directly outside.

Inappropriate
Emergency/rescue ladders must be able to withstand in min.2 hours

Emergency Lights
There is no emergency lighting component. Inappropriate 1 There is no component of a passive fire protection system that meets the standards.

Ramp
The slope of the ramp in a building must not exceed 70 o . Appropriate 2 There are several components of a passive fire protection system that do not meet the standards.
The minimum width of the ram is 2.40 m with the security edge. Inappropriate Bordes on the beginning or tip of ram must be free from flat so that it allows at least to rotate the wheelchair and patient bed, with a minimum size of 160 cm.

Signboard
The writing must have the word 'exit' or another word which means the same.

Appropriate 2
There are several components of a passive fire protection system that do not meet the standards. Placed in a location that is easy to read from all directions Appropriate Must be equipped with artificial lighting with a reading distance of 30m.

Assembly Points
There is no assembly place component Inappropriate 1 There is no component of a passive fire protection system that meets the standards.

Emergency Door
Open to the staircase except on the ground floor opening outwards Inappropriate There are several components of a passive fire protection system that is standard It has a structural element that can withstand structural loads Appropriate There is compartmentalization to prevent the spread of fire to and from the surrounding space.

Building Materials
Made of fire-resistant material. 3 There are several components of a passive fire protection system that is standard

Reliability Value of Hospital Building Passive Fire Protection Systems
After the value of each variable and sub-variable is obtained by its proportion multiplied by the value of each of its completeness based on the criteria that have been determined on the rating scale. Multiplying the proportion with the value of each sub-variable (Table 5).   (Table 6). Based on the above calculation, it is obtained the reliability value of a passive fire protection system of 2,250, which is categorized as sufficient that is in the range of 1.5 ≤ x ≤ 2.5 ( Table 2).

Conclusion
The results of the evaluation of the reliability level of hospital building passive fire protection systems are 2,250 of the total value of 4, which is categorized as sufficient that is at an interval of 1.5 ≤ x ≤ 2.5 ( Table 2). The hierarchy of passive protection systems in hospital buildings is a means of saving lives in the first place and buildings in the second place while the sub-variables are evacuation routes as the first order in life-saving facilities and fireproof construction is the first order in buildings. The reliability of life-saving facilities for passive fire protection systems