Designing of Samosir Ulos Weaving Craft Center by Metaphorical Architecture

Ulos weaving craft is one of the most famous cultures of the Batak tribe. And the Lumban Suhi-Suhi Toruan Village in Samosir District is one of the traditional villages that still maintain customs and native Batak Toba village. The residents of Lumban Suhi-Suhi Toruan village especially the women working as Ulos weavers, and Ulos from Lumban Suhi-Suhi Toruan village, have been quite well-known to foreign countries, however, at present, the number of weavers has diminished, and many types of Ulos cloth have become extinct because of losing its craftsman. The Samosir Ulos Weaving Craft Center is present as a tool that can maintain the Ulos handicrafts of the local community and also empower the community as a place to produce various types of Ulos. The research methodology starts by collecting data, literature studies, Surveys to research locations and also design problem-solving. From the research process by the existing one, this building use metaphor architecture theme as its concept. The choosing of the metaphor theme in the building is considered to be able to describe the function and also introduce the culture of Ulos to the community. The Bintang Maratur Ulos pattern and the Mangulosi ceremony is forming the metaphor concept of the building. With the research and design of the Ulos Samosir weaving center, this can be a consideration for the Samosir district government or local community leaders to make this facility. Keyword: craft center, metaphor architecture, ulos.


Introduction
Indonesia is a country that has many customs and cultures, especially in North Sumatra. North Sumatra has many people from various ethnicities and cultures. Batak is one of the tribes in Indonesia, and Ulos weaving is one of its cultures. The presence of Ulos is always present to everyone who attends the traditional events, like during the Lahran, marriage, and other ceremonies. An Ulos weaver certainly has skills and abilities in the field of Ulos weaving or commonly called Martonun Ulos by the Batak Toba tribe. Ulos weavers know what kinds of Ulos, functions, materials of manufacture, tools used in weaving, and also the true meaning of an Ulos and the weaving process. According to Sianipar (2017), Currently Ulos weavers are decreasing every year and are experiencing a dilemma because they have to meet economic needs, many weavers in Samosir area who now prefer to produce ulos Karo than Toba Batak International Journal of Architecture and Urbanism Vol. 03, No.03, 2019 242 Ulos which are more popular and easier to make, so that it earns money faster, compared to the Batak Toba Ulos, the process is complicated and people use it only in certain events. The location of Ulos Weaving and Culture Center is located in Samosir Regency, precisely in Pangururan sub-district, Lumban Village, Suhi-Suhi Toruan, which is famous for its Ulos village, where all the residents of this village, especially the women, are Toba Batak-style Ulos craftsmen who still use traditional way (Figure 1).

Literature Study
Samosir Ulos Weaving Craft Centre is a staple of the Batak tribal handicrafts and is located in the Samosir district which is also a place to buy and sell Ulos weaving exhibitions.
Ulos is a woven fabric, generally has a width of about 50-150 cm and a length of 150-220 cm and is made of cotton fiber yarn. Ulos is clothing in the form of cloth woven by Batak women with various patterns and sells in some clothing market. According to the Batak concept, Ulos is an action infused with religious and magical qualities. In Batak society belief, Ulos is considered an object blessed by supernatural powers [1].
The design of Ulos Samosir Weaving Craft Center will use "Metaphoric Architecture" as its theme. The metaphor is the use of words or groups of words not with their true meaning, but as paintings based on equality or comparison [2]. Aristotle defining the metaphor as "Intuitive Abstraction of uniqueness in diversity" [3]. The general function of metaphor is influencing many objects, including architecture. For instance, from Modernism's conviction of form follows function to Minimalism's less is more approach; these architectural dictums have become synonymous with the Modern Movement [4].
According to James C. Snyder and Anthony J. Cattanesse in "Introduction of architecture" metaphor identifies patterns that may occur from parallel relationships by looking at their abstractness, in contrast to analogies that look literally [5]. And according to Charles Jenks in "The Language of Post Modern Architecture" defines metaphor as a code that is captured at a time by the observer of an object by relying on other objects and how to see a building as something else because of the similarity [6]. The building of Ulos Samosir Weaving Crafts Center takes the application of the Metaphor theme with the tangible metaphor category, which applies the physical form of Ulos cloth. According to Anthony C. Antoniades (1990) in the "Poetic of Architecture," there are three categories of metaphors, namely tangible metaphor, intangible metaphor, and combined metaphor [7]. And the application of tangible metaphor design of the building will interpret the Sadum Ulos ornament which is brightly colored and has a horizontal and rhombic and also a star-shaped wave ornament from the Maros Star Ulos motile [8]. Furthermore, in addition to the formation of Ulos ornaments, the intangible metaphor will symbolize the event of bridal Mangulosi on the Batak wedding ceremony to the concept of the building. Mangulosi is the ceremony where the Batak bride and groom wore the Ulos.

Methodology
According to the criteria that have been determined from several considerations, namely the extent, accessibility, achievement of existing functions, atmosphere, level of congestion, and some regulations, such as Samosir Regency's RDTR will consider the design location.
There are two design methods in architecture, namely the traditional one called black box and the rational called the glass box method [3]. The design of the center of Ulos Samosir Weaving Craft Center will use the glass box method, which is a more rational one in which is easier to trace each stage and process, which means that each process is planned carefully by the stages of the architectural design. The type of data used in the design consists of primary data and secondary data obtained through the Observation and Literature Study processes.

Result and Discussion
Location of Weaving Ulos Samosir Craft Center is in Samosir District, Pangururan Sub-District, Lumban Suhi-Suhi Toruan Village, precisely adjacent to the Huta Raja Ulos Village which is one of the villages in the Samosir area which is famous for its residents who work as Ulos weavers and also their settlement patterns which is filled with Bolon Houses that have existed  And based on RDTR * of the Pangururan Sub-District is determined how to build a building based on its zoning. And based on the location of the design that is in the W-4 Zone or Community Tourism Zone, and this zone set some regulation for the shape and façade of the building in Pangururan Sub-district, such as the decoration for carvings, the roof shape and the room organization (Figure 3).

Mass-Shaped Concept
Building mass through the application of themes that adapt the form of Ulos and the bride. The adaptation of the metaphor used in this building is using a tangible metaphor (Figure 4).

Inner Space Concept
The building will forms into three main interior spaces, including the Exhibition building and souvenir shop, which is the area that will receive visitors for the first time. Then the middle part is an amphitheater that is quite wide, which is an area of Mangulosi craftsmen outside the room.
Then the third part is the indoor workshop, multipurpose room, and homestay services.
One of the main spaces presented in this building is the Batak Ulos gallery. This room is in the front area of the building because it is one of the primary functions of this building by displaying Ulos works from all over North Sumatra. On the level of privacy, this room is classified as semi-public because to enter the room must buy an entrance ticket.
The gallery space is designed to be closed and calm so that visitors who come are more focused on the objects on display. A variety of linear and diffuse combinations shapes the design of the gallery circulation with the exhibited items placed on the edge and center. The circulation of Ulos galleries also directs visitors to the workshop area in the middle of the building ( Figure   10).  there is a communal space between rooms so that visitors can gather together like the Batak community culture that likes to.

Conclusion
The design of Ulos Samosir Weaving Craft Center located on Jl. Gereja, Lumban Suhi-Suhi Toruan Village, Pangururan District, Samosir Regency is a place for Ulos weavers to produce Ulos and maintain their sustainability, and also educate the people of Indonesia and abroad. The building function is as an Ulos weaving exhibition gallery, Ulos weaving workshop, and also as a homestay for tourists who stay or hold a study tour. Ulos Samosir Weaving Craft Center presents a new educational and cultural and natural recreation facility in the Samosir area.
Using the theme of metaphoric architecture with the type of Tangible Metaphor, the design of Ulos Samosir Weaving Craft Center concept takes the form of an event of bride Batak Mangulosi which forms a building with two masses that are unite by a building secondary skins that forms an Ulos cloth, so that the building looks like an Ulos cloth covering two brides. The Ulos Sadum and the Bintang Maratur Ulos pattern, which symbolizes happiness, inspire the formation of secondary skin. In the middle of the building, there is an outdoor workshop area