Study of Physical Traces Toward Activities and Behaviour of Public Open Space Users ( Case Study : Merdeka Square of Binjai City )

Merdeka Square of Binjai City is one of the public open spaces in Binjai City, which has a variety of activities and various types of public open user behavior. Some users of public open space behavior do not use the square facilities by the function of public open spaces. This study aims to identify the physical traces left by the users, to know the activities and behavior of users of Merdeka Square in Binjai City. The method used is a literature study, direct observation accompanied by behavioral mapping and described descriptively with a qualitative approach. The results showed that the behavior of users did not use the facilities in accordance with their functions, such as using a badminton court as a place to play skateboard, and the activities of users who left a physical traces at the Merdeka Square in Binjai City, such as sitting and relaxing in the grass in the middle of the field. The physical traces left by the users of the Merdeka City Square in Binjai, among others, is damage to the grass area in the middle of the field and damaged sidewalk barriers.


Introduction
Merdeka Square of Binjai City is located in the Binjai City area which is one of the public open spaces in the middle of Binjai City, which can be accessed easily by the city and people from our town and has a variety of activities and various types of public open space user behavior.
Activities that occur in Merdeka Square of Binjai are in the form of non-formal activities such as sports, recreation, trading, arts and cultural, social interaction, and formal activities such as state ceremonies, religious ceremonies, and political (campaigns).

Literature Study Activity
Activities as action or busyness [1]. Suggested the existence of passive and active involvement in the use of public space. These two forms of experience occur as a result of the interaction process, where public space users can interact in different ways. Social interaction can occur in the form of passive activities such as just sitting enjoying the atmosphere or observing the situation and can also occur actively by talking with other people about a topic or even doing a joint activity [2].

Behavior
People and their behavior are part of a whole system that includes place and environment, such that behavior and environment cannot be empirically separated. That is to say, human behavior always happens in a place, and they cannot be full evaluated without considering the environmental influence [3].
The environment influences human behavior. People tend to occupy a place that is usually occupied even though the place is not a place to sit, Human behavior that affects the environment. When people tend to choose shortcuts, they think they are closest to passing a rotating pedestrian. So that the person unconsciously made his path even though a pedestrian was provided [4]. Human factors that influence the principles of building user behavior include: (a) Basic needs, (b) Age, (c) Gender [5].

The Relationship between Architecture, Environment, and Behavior
Space as one of the components of architecture is important in the discussion of the study of environmental and behavioral architecture relations because of its function as a forum for activities. Behavior operationalized as human activities that require setting or container of activity in the form of space. Various human activities are interrelated in one system of activities [6].

Behavior Mapping
Behavior mapping described in the form of sketches or diagrams about an area where humans carry out various activities. There are two ways to conduct behavioral mapping, namely: (a) Mapping by Place. This technique is used to find out how humans or groups of people use, use, and accommodate their behavior at a certain time,(b) Mapping by Perpetrators. This technique emphasizes human movement in a certain period, where this technique relates to not only one place or location but several places/locations. In this technique, the researcher is dealing with someone who is specifically observed [7].

Public Open Space
Public open space is one of the facilities needed by the city. Public open space is a land that is not built with certain uses; public open space is not occupied by buildings and can be felt if it has a barrier around it. Open space has the function and quality seen from its composition [8].
Public open spaces have functioned as nodes and communicative means well as social ties to create interactions between community groups and as a daily gathering place and on special occasions [9]. If the quality of the public open space is good, then outdoor activities such as recreational and social activities can be carried out properly, the user takes longer because space invites the user to stop, sit down, eat, play, and so on [10].

Physical Traces
The physical traces left behind can be known by paying attention to the physical environment around to find previous activities. Unconsciously, humans will leave traces in every activity, such as footprints on the ground or hand marks on the floor. On the other hand, physical traces can change human behavior in the environment; for example, when someone enters a new building, of course, his behavior will be different from when he was in the previous building [11]. This says that if the appearance of the environment is not able to follow the pattern of behavior, then humans will not be able to follow the goal [12].
Physical Traces is a research method in human behavior that aims to find out traces that can be a reference for improvement in design. Physical traces can also be used as an analysis in the design of an environment and assess whether the environment is functioning effectively [13].

Methodology of Research
The research was carried out through descriptive methods with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, behavior mapping, and interviews.

Location of Research
The research location is in Binjai City, which is often visited by the community located in Tangsi

Active Zone of Merdeka Square of Binjai City Users
Merdeka Square has an active activity zone used by Merdeka Square users and has an activity zone that is less active for users of Merdeka Field. Based on the results of observations of the research, it can be seen 5 (five) zones that are actively used by users, namely:

Grass Area in Middle of The Field
This zone is often used as a place of recreation to relax and sports venues such as playing football by users. When the Merdeka Field held an event, the zone was used for tent, event stage, and four wheels parking ( Figure 2).

Jogging Track
This zone is often used as a place for users to jogging. However, some of the users use it as a cycling area. When the Merdeka Square held an event, this area will be used as a two wheels parking ( Figure 3).

Sports Field
Basketball Court. This zone is often used as a place to play basketball by users. However, this area is often used as a place to play roller skates ( Figure 4).

Toddlers Area
This zone is certainly used by many children to play. But some teenagers often use this area as a relaxing area and parents who accompany their children to play ( Figure 6).

Sports Field
Basketball Court. Merdeka Square provides field facilities for sports, one of which is a basketball court. The basketball court is designed next to the badminton court area and is adjacent to the volleyball court area which faces the northern part of Veteran street ( Figure 12).

Physical Trace
The physical traces that are most often found in activities and behaviors used by users at Merdeka Square in Binjai City include :

Grass Area in the Middle of the Field
The number of activities carried out by users in the grass area in the middle of the field can be seen from several areas of grass that have been covered with soil again different from the grass in other areas.
Some of the activities carried out by users of Merdeka Square that are often found in the grass are sports above the grass area in the middle of the field seen in the picture and sit relax on the grass area in the middle of the field (Figure 17). As for other causes, in an event that must be considered for the grass area in the middle of the field are tents installed and several parking vehicles going up the grass area in the middle of the field which causes the grass area in the middle of the field to be damaged and covered with land ( Figure 18).

Jogging Track
The number of activities carried out by users in the jogging track area. In addition to being used for jogging places, the jogging track area is used by users as a place for cycling, and some of the field users sit on the jogging track to relax. When Merdeka Square held an event several jogging track areas were used as two wheelsparking seen in the picture ( Figure 19).

Sports field
Basketball Court. The Basketball court is used by users to play basketball. However, users from among children use the basketball court as a place to play roller skates seen in the picture. The considerations of users who trade sell and rent for roller skates in the basketball court area at Badminton Court. Badminton court is used by users, not by its function. Badminton court is used for skateboarding by teenagers seen in the picture (Figure 21).

Toddler's Park
Users of this game area are not only among children, but teens also use it. Some parents accompanied their children to play, but they did not occupy the sitting area that had been provided and instead made use of some of the games available for resting in the picture ( Figure   22).

Conclusion
The field is dominated by teenagers as a sports facility, place of interaction, social activities, and recreational needs. The number of activities in the afternoon compared to the morning. Some of the activities carried out by the field users leave many physical traces, including damaged grass because they are often occupied to relax, for sports activities and when holding an event the grass area is used as a four-wheeled parking lot, sidewalk barriers damaged by wheeled vehicles two who accidentally crossed, and some gym equipment damaged due to not being properly