Reliability Analysis of Fire Stairs in Hospital Buildings (Case Study: Malahayati Islamic Hospital and University of North Sumatra Hospital)

One important aspect of hospital buildings is the safety of the occurrence of fire hazards, especially in the fire stairs. The hospital is classified as very crowded because of the large number of inpatients or outpatients who consult at the Malahayati Islamic Hospital or the University of North Sumatra Hospital, both middle and upper-middle class. Because the density level of occupants in hospital buildings is high, it requires a fire ladder that meets the standards, how to apply the fire ladder reliability system and its future recommendations on the Malahayati Islamic Hospital building and the University of North Sumatra Hospital. This study aims to determine the application and analyze the level of reliability of fire stairs in hospital buildings. This study uses data analysis method, namely AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) which is based on very effective research to help solve problems in the fire stairs reliability system in the case study of the Islamic Hospital Malahayati, the level of reliability is sufficient, while the University of North Sumatra Hospital has a very good level of reliability. Several design recommendations were made and tested to increase the reliability of fire stairs at Malahayati Islamic Hospital and the University of North Sumatra Hospital; the results can be improved. Keyword: Fire Stairs, hospital, passive protection system


Introduction
Development in Medan City is increasing at this time; many building developments are diverse and complex demanding aspects of safety and security for the building and its environment.
Fires can cause death and can cause harmful structural collapse. Some of the causes of fire include low understanding and public awareness of fire hazards, fire management systems that have not been realized and integrated, low infrastructure and facilities for adequate building fire protection systems. Based on constitution No. 44 of 2009 concerning hospitals, what is meant by a hospital is a health service institution that carries out complete individual health services that provide inpatient, outpatient and emergency services [1].
Based on constitution No. 44 of 2009 concerning hospitals, what is meant by a hospital is a health service institution that carries out complete individual health services that provide inpatient, outpatient and emergency services. Based on the above problems, the researcher will examine the hospital buildings in Medan, namely the Malahayati Islamic Hospital and the University of North Sumatra Hospital located in Medan City. This hospital is classified as very crowded because of the number of inpatients or outpatients. Because the density level of occupants in hospital buildings is high, it requires a fire ladder that meets the standards, how to apply the fire ladder-reliability system in the Malahayati Islamic Hospital building and the University of North Sumatra Hospital which is good so that the evacuation process runs effectively and efficiently.

Literature Review
Fire Definition of fire according to NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) fire is an oxidation event that involves three elements that must exist, namely; combustible fuels, oxygen in the air, and heat or energy sources that result in property loss, injury and even human death [2].
In NFPA, there are six classifications namely fires types A, B, C, D, E, and K. Fire classification according to NFPA, following in table 1.

Standard Fire Stairs
Fire ladders in high rise buildings must meet the applicable standards. Standard fire stairs specified in SNI 03-1746 -2000 (Table 2).

A Term of Handrail Rail Stairs
In the details of the handrail, there are some that must be seen on the fire ladder, namely: Height of stairs on the stairs Min. 86 cm and max. 100 cm above the surface of the stairs, the Handrail material is made of iron, and the handrail distance between the borders is at least easy to reach for its users (Figure 1).

Figure 1. A Term of Handrail
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) AHP is a decision support method developed by a University of Pittsburgh-born professor of mathematics from Iraq, Thomas L. AHP is a method for making a sequence of decision alternatives and selecting the best alternative when decision-makers with several objectives or criteria for making certain decisions. The most important thing in AHP is a functional hierarchy with its main input is human perception. With a hierarchy, a complex and unstructured problem can be solved into the group, then the groups are arranged into a hierarchical form.

Methodology
This study discusses the analysis of the reliability of emergency stairs in the Malahayati Islamic Hospital building and the University of North Sumatra Hospital, so the type of research used is descriptive, comparative, qualitative and quantitative research, where the data obtained from theoretical studies and observations/surveys of buildings This will be compiled and analyzed to get the conclusion from this research. The final result of this study is a good fire stair recommendation.
Then the next step is to determine each variable and sub-variable of the research on the emergency ladder to find out the existing conditions in each case study of the hospital building (Table 3).

Table 3. Variables and Sub -Research Variables
To determine the weight and reliability value of Fire Emergency Stairs in Hospital Buildings can be seen in the following stages: An Ordering of Interests for each Sub -Variable All sub-variables are given criteria of importance to rank them, the criteria used are to see how important one sub-variable is to another sub-variable in a passive fire protection system on the emergency ladder Weighting After each sub-variable is given a value, the next step is to find the weight of each sub-variable by creating a matrix. In this matrix calculation, researchers use Ms.'s application. Office Excel with nine references of importance weight as follows based on Saaty's theory (Table 4).

Assessment of Building Safety System Reliability Values
To provide the value of each variable based on the availability of these variables in the object of research. The following criteria for evaluating the availability of variables are as follows (Table   5) : Table 5. The Scale of The Fire Stairs Component Reliability.

Determining The Rating Scale
The final stage is to determine the passive fire protection system rating scale (Table 6)     As for the results of processing the AHP Method with Ms. Application Office Excel based on the sequence of work steps is as follows:

Sort Each Variable and Sub -Variable
The following is the order of importance to get the results of the rating scale (Table 7) : The following stages calculate the weight of each variable to get the percentage of each variable: (1) To determine the valuation of the importance of each variable or sub-variable assisted by reference to filling in a matrix that is appropriate to the existing conditions of the hospital emergency ladder during the survey (Table 8). (2) After determining the valuation of interests in the variables, the next step is by examining the initial comparison (Table 9). Table 9. Calculation of the initial matrix of Variable interests.
(3) After calculating the initial matrix which is given the value of each variable's importance, then normalization of the comparison (Table 10).

Table 10. Comparative normalization matrix for variable interests
After calculating the initial matrix and the normalization matrix comparing the interests of each variable, then calculating the weight of each sub-variable to get the weight percent of the subvariables that have been sorted out (Table 11). After getting the percent weighting of variable construction stairs then calculate the weight of each variable is the existence of stairs (Table 12). After calculating the initial matrix and normalizing the variable existence of the ladder-finally, calculate the variable ladder completeness (Table 13).  (Table 14).  (Table 15). From the results of the above calculations, then compared with the value of the comparison scale. As follows in Table 16 :

Conclusion
This study uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method; this method is very effective in solving problems in decision support systems that are very easy and appropriate for users of the fire ladder by using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the design of the fire staircase, so that the reliability level of the fire stairs is better, i.e., from 2.61 to 3.86 (Table 17).  (Table 15 to Table 17).