Revitalization Model of Medan City Based Home Shop as an Image-Forming Identity City

The Shophouse is a multi-story building that has multiple functions. The 1st floor is used as a commercial area, and the 2nd floor above is used as a residential place. Revitalization is an effort to revive an urban area through improving the quality of the environment, taking into accounts the sociocultural aspects and characteristics of the region. The facade is the identity of the building itself by retaining elements and elements on the building façade. This research purposes of finding the dominant appearance of the elements of finding in the shophouse façade in the city of Medan, which is useful for the design revitalizing model of the face of the city as the image of the identity city. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive, with a variable observation phase with the collection of primary and secondary data through direct observation in the field, then analyzed the shop facade elements that have been Grouped and found the most dominant element. The result of the analysis of the dominant facade element found in the shop façade of Medan is China, Malay, and India. The findings of the dominant facade element can be the identity identifier of the region and city of Medan today. Keyword: elements facade & facade, revitalization, shophouse Received 12-07-2020 | Revised 15-07-2020 | Accepted 25-07-2020


Introduction
Medan City is the third-largest city in Indonesia and has a diversity of cultures and ethnicity.
The diversity of culture and ethnicity has been mixed from local tribes such as Malay Deli, Karo, Batak Toba, Mining, Aceh, and Javanese, as well as foreign tribes such as India, Europe, and China. The development of city development as a place of settlement is not detached from the history of City face formation.
Typical Shophouse is categorized as Urban Vernacular-Architecture which is a vernacular architecture located in the urban area. The vernacular buildings are ordinary, innocent, lowcaste, low-cost, or built by traditional groups using timeless and unchanging local cultures. In its utilization, the construction of shophouse become uncontrollable due to the lack of respect for occupancy and non-residential conditions to the diversity of ethnicity in the city mixed in the region, so that the shop building is branded as a building Damage to the city's face and cause a loss of identity.
Based on a study on the face of the city of Medan with its ethnic diversity affecting the shophouse, the purpose of this research is to identify, classify, and reveal the elements of identity-forming based on ethnicity Contained in the façade of Medan Shophouse as Urban Vernacular-Architecture using finding the dominant appearance of the element is in the shophouse façade in the city of Medan which is useful for the design revitalizing model of the city face as the image of the city identity.

Literature Review
Suburban Retrofitting Approach, Retrofitting is defined as an urban retrofitting that is an appropriate approach and idea of rehabilitation or reuse that includes the system, has long-term prospects, and transformative changes. Retrofitting aims to re-utilize an object appropriately as one way of developing an object [1]. Shop House is a typical urban building with dual function as a place of business (trade) as well as residential (residential). Row Ruko itself is a building that initiated business activities, especially trading activities in a region that then, as the development of the city, became a center of trade and services with various business activities [2]. Revitalizing, the arrangement and revitalization of the region according to the Department of Kimpraswil (2002) is a series of efforts to revive areas that tend to die, enhancing the strategic and significant vitality values of the region that still have potential and Control areas that tend to be chaotic [3]. Façade, The advance composition, considers the functional requirements, relating to the unity of excellent solution proportions, harmony, and harmony, the preparation of structured horizontal and vertical elements, materials, colors, and other decorative elements [4].

Methodology
This type of research is qualitative descriptive research. Descriptive research is a study describing an object, in this case, a shophouse in the city of Medan. The samples in this study were selected through the purposive sampling method. The object in the study is the shop in Jl.

Result and Discussion
Facade Shop Element Analysis Door, Elements of the door on the building are important roles, especially in the fire shophouse whose principal function is a business precisely located on the 1st floor and also as a residential house for the owner who is on the 2nd-floor shop. Moreover, every shophouse certainly has a different door façade. In the shop there are seven categories of doors, as follows: (Type A) rectangular door with half mesh-nets, folding door type, brown color, and material with iron, (Type B) Folding door/folding gate type, brown colored, steel material, (Type C) Folding door, with iron material, and blue color, (Type D) Folding door, with iron material, curved pattern on the entire door and colored in blue, (Type E) Folding door, with iron material, has a geometric pattern of box and round on all doors and brown color, (Type F) Folding door, with iron material, has an extensive checkered geometric pattern on the door, and yellow color, (Type G) Folding door, with iron material, has a pattern, colored green, this type of door there are many cracks (lattice latticework).
As for the most dominant door seen in this area is the door type folding door/folding gate type.  Based on the types of Windows above, it is known that the window with the dominant form of a square window with a touch of latticepatterned pattern or Chinese decorative motif that is type A and B, and other type D and F Windows Form that almost Same but distinguishing is the formation of arch ornaments that exist in type F. Formation type A and B is essentially a type of old window, which is the type of window used by Chinese society to date. While type C, D, F type Modern window ( Figure 2).

Figure 2 Window Type
The wall is a building facade element that plays an essential information role in the formation of a building façade that can reinforce the characteristics and character of a building. The surface of a wall can be highlighted through attractive wall processing from material selection, paint, texture, color, and also manufacturing techniques. In the shop there are six categories of walls, as follows: (Type A) Fine stucco wall, not much ornament, color looks faded, there is such a fence do balcony area, (Type B) Stucco wall with white ceramic wall cover, no ornament, the wall looks plain and simple, (Type C) Ceramic covered stucco wall, red-colored, no ornaments, (Type D) Stucco wall with ceramic wall cover in green white, with window in the middle, (Type E) Fine brown cement plaster wall, no ornaments, (Type F) Fine stucco wall, peach-colored with a balcony arrangement-a balcony on the wall, there is a pyramid ornament on each of the balcony façade.
Based on the types of walls above can be known that the type of wall in the dominant shophouse using stucco wall material with ceramic wall coverings. With wall facades that tend to be monotonous without any ornaments on the wall. Color -The color used only using the colors of brown, peach and, light brown ( Figure 3).