Governmental Lodging and Recreation with The Approach of Tropical Architecture

Lodging and recreational activity are essential activities for training, often held at office of Pusat Pengembangan, Pemberdayaan Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan (PPPPTK) Medan. Office of Pusat Pengembangan, Pemberdayaan Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan (PPPPTK) Medan has had one building as a homestead, but as time progress, the demand for this homestead increase because of the increased activity in recent years. Therefore, the expansion of the homestead and recreational space design is vital to support the training activities. This homestead and outdoor recreation centre design use the methodology to solve problems using a qualitative approach and a quantitative approach by following the data and analysis of the surrounding environment as well as the established governmental building guidelines. The implementation of tropical architecture in the design makes it able to achieve efficient use of energy and be environmentally friendly. This can be seen in the mass concept, indoor concept, outdoor concept, structural concept, circulation system, and utility system. Also, this design blends with the local value of the surrounding environment by applying local wisdom. Keyword: homestead, recreation centre, tropical architecture. Received 6April 2021 | Revised 27 July 2021 | Accepted 15 August 2021


Introduction
Job training activities are often accompanied by lodging and recreation activities as the primary support for training that could occur for days. Pusat Pengembangan, Pemberdayaan Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan (PPPPTK) office in Medan is one of the government offices that carry out these activities.

Function and Architectural Theory
A lodge is a collection of spaces used as a residence, office, and so on. A guesthouse is usually an accommodation building that is owned by the government and can be rented out. Outdoor Recreation Centre is a space that is intended to use as a recreational activity carried out in the open with several game simulations for individuals or groups that aim to develop cooperation between individuals and groups. Due to public use, lodges and Outdoor Recreation Centre are also tourist attractions in Medan City. It is located 15 minutes from Medan City station next to Merdeka Field, which is the zero point of Medan City and the city gate of Medan [2].
In the development of cities, especially North Sumatra Province, including Medan, Binjai, Deli Serdang, and Karo (Mebidanggro), Kualanamu International Airport functions as landmarks, and nodes have a role as transportation hubs that lead to development plans [3]. Plans must be following community needs. Differences in society's structure and socio-cultural space are urban planning problems in Indonesia [3]. This is what underlies the use of tropical architecture in the design of government accommodation and recreation buildings. Apart from that, tropical architecture has also been unconsciously applied in several traditional structures to be part of Indonesia's local wisdom. Regional conditions affect the building's shape, including architecture, construction, building materials, and philosophy, which can also be found in local wisdom [4].
Tropical architecture is an architectural concept whose purpose is to solve problems in tropical climates. Medan is a city with a tropical climate located in the lowlands with a minimum temperature between 22 ° C to 24 ° C and a maximum temperature between 34 ° C to 35 ° C.
Indonesian architecture, which has a tropical climate, is the architecture of shade. This is due to the humid tropical conditions with two seasons and is not life-threatening, in contrast to the Eurocentric architecture that requires protection from four seasons. Roofs and columns (columns) are essential elements because they can provide the shade that humid tropical humans need but not the walls. On the other hand, Eurocentric architecture needs walls because they protect the surrounding environment [5].

Concept
There are four variables related to tropical buildings' physical comfort, such as room comfort, visual comfort, temperature comfort, and audio comfort [6]. A building can achieve physical comfort by designing the building mass and ventilation. Using energy can also help if designing mass and ventilation is not enough to reach physical comfort ( Figure 1).

An example of a building that has a similar role is the Wisma Dharmala Jakarta building. Wisma
Dharmala applies tropical architecture that is also influenced by the value of local wisdom. The building form makes it possible to minimize solar radiation assisted by large voids that can flow air and provide natural sunlight into space. Several sloping planes serve to block out direct sunlight and some vines that can absorb the sun's heat on the façade ( Figure 2).

Methodology
The method used in the design of the lodge and recreation centre in the PPPPTK office is using a qualitative approach and a quantitative approach. The qualitative approach is the approach method, which is done by collecting data and information on the site, usually numbers, such as site area, building floor coefficient, building coverage ratio, green coverage ratio, and others.
Meanwhile, the quantitative approach method is an approach method that is carried out by interpreting and analyzing the data and information been obtained to become a problem or advantage in project design.
In choosing the design location, it is necessary to pay attention to the following requirements: km from the second alternative with the view of river and rice fields. But at the disadvantage of the small road access. One alternative that meets the best requirements from these alternatives is selected for the design (Table 1). Description: * 1-10 Value (V). With 10 points being significant and 1 being insignificant ** 1-4 Score (S). With 4 points being excellent and 1 point being bad.
In terms of form, the design will be clustered according to the function of the building. This is due to the clustered organization's character that is flexible in uniting forms into size, basic shape, and orientation. The clustered organization can also be joined as a secondary addition to a larger space [9]. As a result, the clustered design that acts as a supporting function to the main PPPPTK office will be connected by a pedestrian. This will serve as a development that can be further developed without affecting the existing building's character.

Location
From the assessment carried out, alternative site 1 is the most suitable compared to other alternatives (Table 1). So, alternative site 1, which is located at Jalan Karya, Kec. Medan Helvetia is the site of choice for the Wisma Development and Outdoor Recreation Centre (Figure 3).
The design is coherent with the existing PPPPTK office to achieve harmony and unity composition ( Figure 4). However, other than following the rules of constructing the statebuilding rules, the current design does not implement a particular style or method [10].

The design of The Development of Lodge and Outdoor Recreation Centre at the PPPPTK Office
Medan is a government accommodation facility. It will be designed based on government building standards with three-star hotel facilities to meet the needs of residents according to data and surveys that have been conducted [11].
The tropical architectural interpretation that will be applied to the building is to minimize the heat entering the building by protecting the walls with a roof that has a large slope, the orientation of the building is facing south, designing ventilation for natural ventilation in some spaces, using a light colour scheme, creating a pool to help cool the room, and providing green open space to provide good air influence for the site area ( Figure 5).

Spatial Planning
Using data obtained from books and personal analysis, spatial planning, which will be applied in the design, can be seen in table 2. The measurement and its components in this spatial planning are designed with humans as the primary object [12][13] [14].

Outdoor Circulation
The entrance to the visitor's vehicle is at the front and enter the drop-off area in the middle of the site. Visitors can pass through an open space. In contrast, access to service is located at the back of the site (Figure 6).

Outdoor Zoning Concept
Outdoor zoning is divided into several types. Therefore, the design is using the multi-mass concept (Figure 7a). The area in front is the Outdoor Recreation Centre area (Figure 7b). The site's eastern area is used as a visitor's parking lot, while the western area of the site is used as a service parking lot and loading docks.

Indoor Zoning Concept
There are six building masses with a different location. The outdoor Recreation Centre area is at the front of the site. This area is designed to be directly connected to the commercial building (figure 8a). The concept of a linear circulation building with shops and retail along the corridor.
There is also the implementation of tropical architecture indoor. For example, the use of inner-

Structure
The upper structure used in the design is a heavy steel frame covered with a roof tile wood frame for the small gazebos wood covered with palm fibre (Figure 9).
The lower structure, which is a foundation, serves as a critical link in building loads' distribution and resolution. The foundation system must be designed to both accommodate the form and layout of the structure above and respond to the varying conditions of soil, rock, and water below [15].
Due to the existing site being a rice field, the building uses a pile foundation using a pile cap of 2,20mx2,20m for more than one-story building and a river stone foundation for a one-story building. Dilatation is used in buildings which width exceeds over 30 meters with a minimal 15centimetre distance between the columns ( Figure 10).

Utility
The most affected utility by implementing tropical architecture is the type of air conditioning used in the design. The buildings that use mechanical air conditioners will be limited to private spaces and public space guest rooms and ballroom ( Figure 11). Other buildings will be using natural air conditioning concepts, such as cross ventilation and air insulation, helped by mechanical fans in some areas.

Conclusion
The development of the Lodge and Outdoor Recreation Centre at the PPPPTK Office is one of the several buildings whose main purpose is to support the activities related to the office. This lodge and outdoor recreation centre are designed based on established state building code standards. Namely, the building must be integrated with the surrounding location and culture. In terms of design, Tropical Architecture is chosen to be the approach because the site is in an environment with a tropical climate of 2 seasons. Therefore, the design can target the issue and context of the surrounding environment.

Figure 11
The usage of mechanical air conditioning in guest rooms Figure 10 Section A-A in the lodge building.