Typology of Waterfront Settlement in The Sibolahotang Street Balige

. Based on bathymetric measurements (Lukman 2010) the circumference of Lake Toba is 428.7 km. Toba Samosir regency coastline length is 115.8 km or 24.7% of the total length of Lake Toba’s coastline. Balige district as the capital of Toba Samosir Regency has a density level of 49023 people/km2. With a large population and the highest density level in Toba Samosir regency, residential areas spread from the center to the outskirts of the Balige district. Along with technological advances in the current era of globalization, the potential for tourism in Indonesia is growing rapidly. Residents who live on the shores of Lake Toba compete in the tourism sector by establishing various types of inns, restaurants and various recreational areas along the shores of Lake Toba. Each waterfront settlement on Sibolahotang Street has different typology from one another waterfront settlement. By observing the waterfront settlement typology, this research is carried out so that an appropriate planning and designing towards the settlement can be done in the future.


Introduction
Based on bathymetric measurements [1] the circumference of Lake Toba is 428.7 km. Toba Samosir regency has the second longest coastline after Samosir regency with a coastline length of 115.8 km or 24.7% of the total length of Lake Toba's coastline. Balige district as the capital of Toba Samosir Regency has a population of 44,365 with a density level of 49023 people/km2 [2]. With a large population and the highest density level in Toba Samosir regency, residential areas spread from the center to the outskirts of the Balige district. Located on the shores of Lake Toba, Sibolahotang Street has a length of 3.2 km.
Residence for some people is not only a place to live, but also have a broad functions such as a place to work, study, gather, socialize and activities that support survival [3]. The classification of settlements is broadly divided into 4 classifications [4], namely: 1. Boundaries (a region or territory of a settlement that established by the community), 2. Facility (a settlement divided into two forms, public facilities and social facilities), 3. Zone (classification of activity area in a settlement that ruled based on beliefs structure, customary rules or habits in the community), and 4. Ornament (Varieties of ornament are main elements that found in many settlements, natural and craftmanship).
Abdullah [5] identifies settlement pattern into two types : 1. Compact settlement (Radial, linear, and chessboard shape) and 2. Scattered (Multi centered and whole dispersed). According to Taylor [6], there are two pattern of settlement : 1. Cluster (consist several units or several group of dwellings that centered to prominent space.) and 2. Face to face (linear shaped, between the dwelling units along the settlement and linearly placed in the middle.).
Physical condition of the environment determined the shape of waterfront settlement. Hassan There are several theories for the development of waterfront settlements in Indonesia [9]: 1.
History of residential/settlement neighborhoods existence in riverside cities can be divided into two ; the development started by the arrival of a certain ethnic group in a location on the river bank, which then settled and developed from generation to generation to form a community and tend to be very homogeneous, closed and develop certain traditions and values and development as an alternative residential area, due to the increasing flow of urbanization, which resulted in a wild and urban slum area, 2. The stages of development of the riverside urban residential area are: the initial stage is marked by the dominance of the service of the water area as a source of water for the living needs of the urban community, which is still a group of settlements on the banks of the river and on the water, when the city needs communication with other locations (trade interests) then the water area is a transportation infrastructure and it can be assumed that the physical development of the city tends to extend along the river bank (linear), and the following growths are marked by the increasing complexity of functional activities so that the intensity of activities around the waters are getting higher.
People who live in the shores around Lake Toba generally work as fishermen and farming rice fields. The choice to live by the water is the right choice for some residents to facilitate irrigation paths from the lake for rice farmers or uniting fish ponds for fishermen. There are eight categories of waterfront settlement typology [10] ; 1. River divides the city, 2. City at th edge of the river, 3. City is divided by some rivers and creeks, 4. Swamp city, 5. Rivers divides coastal city area, 6. River divides mountain city, 7. River divides lake city, 8. Coastal city that is near to a river. There are two characteristics of waterfront settlement [11], physical that includes land-use, land-shape, slope, soil type, coast topography and social characteristics that consists of, age, gender, family dependents, population, education, marital status, ethnicity, language, religion, landownership, employement, income.
Along with technological advances in the current era of globalization, the potential for tourism in Indonesia is growing rapidly. One of the impacts of the globalization process that occurs is changes in urban products, namely changes in the urban system at the local, regional, national and global levels [12]. Residents who live on the shores of Lake Toba compete in the tourism sector by establishing various types of inns, restaurants and various recreational areas along the shores of Lake Toba.
Divided by the function, there are seven type of waterfront settlement [13]: cultural waterfront (type of waterfront covering cultural activity, education, science and knowledge), environment waterfront (waterfront type improve the environment quality), historical waterfront (historical waterfront is developed to conserve the historical buildings), mixed-use waterfront (mixed-used waterfront is a mix of housing, offices, business, and culture), recreational waterfront (type of waterfront that provides recreational facility), residential waterfront (waterfront settlement), and working waterfront (heavy-duty industries and port).
Each waterfront settlement on Sibolahotang Street has different typology from one another waterfront settlement. By observing the waterfront settlement typology, this research is carried out so that an appropriate planning and designing towards the settlement can be done in the future.

Methodology
This research is using qualitative method. Qualitative method is a research procedure that resulted in descriptive data in words, written or verbal or observation [14]. This research is

Result and Discussion
There are several type of waterfront settlement typology based on function, characteristics, and settlement patterns. In this research, the typology of waterfront settlement in Sibolahotang Street based on the function as the parameter. According to the observation, from seven typology waterfront settlement, only four that can be found in the Sibolahotang Street, cultural waterfront, mixed-used waterfront, recreational waterfront, and residential waterfront.

Cultural waterfront
Tomb of Raja Hizkia Simangunsong is a sacred site to the community in the settlement. Was

Recreational Waterfront
Several beautiful beaches can be found at Sibolahotang Street. The community in the waterfront settlement did not waste the potential these beaches have. The community developed the beaches so it will attract tourists to come. There are two beaches, Sibolahotang beach and Bulbul beach (Figure 3). Both beaches offer beautiful view of Lake Toba landscape for tourists to enjoy. Other than beach, there is also a waterpark on Sibolahotang Street. Maranatha Waterpark Lumban Bulbul is a waterpark on the edge of Lake Toba. The tourists can swim and enjoy the pool in the waterpark with a view to the lake.

Residential Waterfront
Many residential in Sibolahotang Street located not at the shore of Lake Toba ( Figure 5). The residential that located in the shore mostly used for another function as business and office. The residentials located in the middle or in the inside part of Sibolahotang Street.

Conclusions
Based on the function, there are seven typology of waterfront settlement. In Sibolahotang Street, only four type can be found, cultural waterfront, recreational waterfront, residential waterfront and mixed-used waterfront. The growth of tourism that happen rapidly in Lake Toba area change the waterfront settlement community lives. Commonly, the waterfront settlement community residents that lives on the shore of Lake Toba used to be a fisherman or farmer.
Now, most of the residents open inns, homestay, restaurants, coffee shop, and souvenir shop from their house. The tourists enjoy this experiment more because of the authencity and the closeness to the local community. Beside the experiment, the tourists also enjoy the beautiful view of Lake Toba landscape from the shore.