Logical Relations Used in Anak Boru Saninain Simalungun Wedding Ceremony

Abstract. The aims of this study is to find out the types of logical relations and the use of logical relations Anak Boru Sanina (ABS) in Simalungun wedding ceremony. This study was conducted by applying descriptive qualitative method. The source of data was taken from the utterances of Anak Boru Sanina (ABS) in Simalungun wedding ceremony. The result of this research was types of logical relations can be found in Anak Boru Sanina (ABS) are paratactic enhancement (34.78 %), hypotactic enhancement (30.43%), paratactic extension (14.49 %), paratactic elaboration (11.59%), hypotactic elaboration (4.34 %), hypotactic extension (2.89 %), and paratactic locution (1.44 %). Only seven of ten types of logical relations found in Anak Boru Sanina (ABS) utterances meanwhile three types that are missing are hypotactic locution, paratactic idea and hypotactic idea, because these types concern the relation between a mental or verbal clause and the content which its quotes or reported.


Introduction
In expressing ideas through spoken or written language, people produce clauses as the representation of their ideas. Those clauses are combined to produce meanings which can be understood by others. The clauses which are logically connected is termed as 'clause complex'.
Halliday [1, p. 373] states two basic systems which rule the relation of the clauses; taxis and logico-semantic relation. The theory is supported by Gerot and Wignell [2, p. 21] in which they also divide taxis into parataxis and hypotaxis, and state that the logico-semantic relation can be expansion (elaboration, extension and enhancement) and projection (locution and idea).
Siahaan & Napitupulu [3] analyzed the logical meaning in wedding speeches of Batak Toba language. This research showed that both logico-semantic relation (expansion & projection) exist in Batak Toba language and has the similarity with other language is expressing the experiences through ideational function of language. Another research Sulistyaningrum & Rasyid [4] studied about The Logico-Semantic Relations of Students "Presentation in Acceleration Program of SMA Lab school Jakarta". The finding in the study showed that the clause complexity in the acceleration students" presentation is varied. the girls have produced 169 clause nexus, while boy students produce 68 clause nexus. The dominant type of logico-semantic relation in girl's presentation is elaboration.
Halliday [5, p. 30] says that metafunction as a language provides a theory of human experiences, and certain of the resources of the lexicogrammar of every language were dedicated to that function. It is called by ideational metafunction and Consider of two components, the experiential and the logical. There are two basic systems which determine how one clause related to another, namely the systems of taxis and logico-semantic relation. Taxis is classified into parataxis and hypotaxis. Parataxis (equal status) is the linking of element of equal status. Both the initialing and the continuing element are free, in the sense that each could stand as a functioning whole, for example, my mother cooks noodles and my sister cooks the rice. The numerals (1,2, 3, ...) are used to code parataxis. Since clause in paratactic relation are equal in status, the clause is member sequentially, that is "1" is used for the first clause, followed by "2" for the second clause, and so on. While hypotaxis (unequal status). This relationship clauses in hypotaxis is represent by Greek notation α, β, γ, δ. Symbol α is always used for the main or dominant clause, while β and all other symbols are used for clauses dependent on the main clause. For example, last week we went to Jakarta, where my father was born. While logico-semantic deals with how the ideas or meaning of language is structured in combination of clauses in clause complex. Logico-semantic divided into expansion and projection. Logical relations are the relations of projection and expansion which combined with parataxis and hypotaxis by using conjunction, prepositions, prepositional phrase, verb and adverbial clause to relate one clause to another in making up the logic language.
The relationship between one clause to another clause will be analyzed in order to increase the listeners understanding about the information that given by speaker.
In this study, the theory were used to analyze a way of expressing ideas that used by Anak Boru This study is considered significant to enrich the study in the field of functional grammar, particularly in a clause complex analysis, in which this research focusing on the theory of taxis, logico-semantic relation, and logical meanings as well. The result gained from the study is to give information of how complex the language produced by Anak Boru Sanina in Simalungun wedding ceremony. Finally, it can be useful for those who want to conduct related studies.

Review of Literature
Saragih [6, p. 111] states that logical function in text is described with reference to two aspects, namely status and logico-semantic relations. Status refers to interdependency (which clause is dependent on which clause) between or among clauses, which is technically termed as taxis. There are two kinds of taxis, namely parataxis that refers to equal status and hypotaxis refers to an unequal status. While logico-semantic-relations refers to the meaning that exists between paratactic and hypotactic relations. There are two kinds of meaning in relations namely expansion and projection. Halliday [5, p. 438] says that two basic systems determine how one clause is related to another divided into two parts, namely taxis and logico-semantic relation.  Meanwhile the lowest frequency used is hypotactic locution, paratactic idea, and hypotactic idea. The paratactic elaboration in the first clause complexes includes into clarification type. It can be seen from the clarification of the secondary clause that's want to take blessing. The paratactic elaboration relationship in the second clause complex appears in clarification type too. The secondary clause clarifies the primary one with coded by "yang" (who).

b. Hypotactic Elaboration
Hypotactic elaboration is the combination of elaboration with hypotactic gives the category of non defining relative clause (also called "non-restrictive, "descriptive"). The dependent clause in non-defining clause may be either finite or non finite. In finite hypotactic elaboration, the dominant clause elaborates the meaning of independent clause in non-defining relative clause. The hypotactic elaboration in the first clause refers to hypotactic elaboration which is indicated by "if". While the second is hypotactic elaboration clause shows that the second clause "itu tadi tulang mu, ocik mu telah meberikan kain kepada kalian semoga kiranya itu kain bermanfaat menjadi suatu ikatan suami istri yang betul2 di ridhai oleh Allah SWT clarifies the primary clause.

c. Paratactic Extension
In This is paratactic extension relationship appears in adversative type which indicates a contrast of the primary clause. While the paratactic extension in the second clause appears in addition types by using the word "sonai "(that). In this clause the second gives a new idea to extent the meaning of primary clause.

d. Hypotactic Extension
The hypotactic extension is also divided these two types nut is limited to dependent clause.
Moreover, in finite hypotactic extension the dependent clause is marked by whereas, while, except, that, but etc. Furthermore, the non-finite form of hypotactic extending is marked besides, In the Act 1 of Cloud Nine, besides highlighting colonial oppression in Africa ruled by British, Churchill also satirizes the phenomenon where oppressed people in colonized countries take on the identity of the colonizers. Joshua was a black African slave of the white British master, and he was cast by a white person as he identified himself with his master. Another analysis dealing with identity from this play is that the colonizer, Clive, also has identity issue similar as the colonized Joshua.

f. Hypotactic Enhancement
Hypotactic enhancement (α xβ) is the combination of enhancement with hypotactic gives what are known in traditional formal grammar as adverbial clauses. Typically, hypotactically enhancing chains are limited to two clauses, with one clause qualifying another clause. There were 21 clause complex related hypotactic enhancement relationship in Anak Boru Sanina(ABS) utterances, the sample are presented in the following example: The hypotactic enhancement in the first clause complex is marked by sub conjunction "if".
The dependent clause enhances the meaning of independent clause. While the second sample of hypotactic enhancement, the secondary clause, bahen ham ma musik na mardomu hujai enhances the meaning of independent clause; Permusik nami, ijon roh do hanami aima laho mangalo-aloh sipihak tondong nami ijon.

g. Hypotactic Locution
Hypotactic locution discusses reported/indirect speech in terms of functions sayer and reported. The linguistic experiences in hypotactic locution is projecting as meaning or mostly known as reported. There were 1 clause complex related in the relationship of hypotactic locution in Anak Boru Sanina (ABS) utterances. The sample of using hypotactic locution is presented in the following example: The hypotactic locution relationship above is indicated by the verbal process in reporting form.
In this clause, the projecting clause is marked by verbal process whisper and supported by the word i want. In the sense that activates in the wedding ceremony are related by the rules of culture systems.
And paratactic enhancement mostly used in Anak Boru Sanina(ABS ) utterances because this type related to the circumstantial feature that the most frequently occurring subtypes are those of time and cause.

Discussion
The result of this study indicates that there are seven of ten types of logical relation are found, that are paratactic elaboration, hypotactic elaboration, paratactic extension, hypotactic extension, paratactic enhancement, hypotactic enhancement, and paratactic locution. While there are two types which are not found that are hypotactic locution, paratactic idea and hypotactic idea.
In delivering information, the speaker should concern with language used. The speaker should used the appropriate word to convey the massages therefore; the speaker's idea should be irritated Meanwhile three types that are missing are missing are hypotactic locution, paratactic idea and hypotactic idea. It means that Anak Boru Sanina (ABS) doesn't need to quote other people's idea in conveying his utterances because Anak Boru Sanina (ABS) as the master ceremony that lead the role of Simalungun ceremony, and used the word that appropriate by circumstantial time and cause, and also clarifying word to make the audience can following the role of Simalungun wedding ceremony.
The findings of this study are very useful for speaker in representing ideas. They need to know logical relation in relating one clause with another. By knowing logical relation, speaker can arrange the information or massages. So, the speaker's idea can be organized in order that listeners get the understanding and the meaning of information.