The Maritime Historical Background of Bogak Port (8-20 Century), Tanjung Tiram District, Batubara Regency, North Sumatera Province

On January 2008 in the bank of the Bogak Beach, in front of Fisherman Housing, Dusun XII Bogak Village, Tanjung Tiram District, Batubara Regency, North Sumatera Province a boat was found. It was already researched that it was a heritage and related to that area in the 18th century. It was a trade line for traders and fishermen from foreign countries sailed to Sumatera. Not only boat but also Chinese ceramic and coins found in 1734, 1752, 1760, 1780, 1781, 1788 and 1790. This paper tries to describe the role of Pantai Bogak Port during 18 Century until 20 Century in the east coast maritime, and to research the archaeological and historical resources in Tanjung Tiram Regency; to look for the authenticity from Batubara Regency, North Sumatera Province. It can be a pride for Indonesia and give a horizon about the activities and the cultural human history in 18 century until 20 century. The data were obtained from collecting data observation in the field, and then the data were analyzed to give recommendation. The information process was done by collecting data about historical data and the archaeological. The primary data were obtained through observation, meanwhile the secondary data were obtained from rapport, inventories register, study results, and libraries.


Introduction
Silau or Asahan in 18 th -19 th century was the central of trade commodity from Toba area (McKinon, 1984: 329-330). The potential commodity is getah perca (sapotaceae) or gota ni meang (Bataknese language), specially for protected the leak of the boat or canoe. At that era, Asahan District still reign by the Batubara Kingdom, and reign by the 12 th famous king, Datu Muhammad Yuda and yang bergelar Al Sridiraja. Datu Muhammad Yuda trade to Malaka, Singapura and the others area to had fund for built the Niat Lima Laras (1907)(1908)(1909)(1910)(1911)(1912) palace.
In colonial era in Indonesia, East Sumatera include Asahan became district with Bengkalis, Riau as the capital city. It was an Afdeling (Regency) Asahan with the controleur in Tanjung Balai [1], and Dutch believed to Batubara Kingdom. At that time the famous kingdom was Datu Muhammad Yuda (Al Sridiraja), as the 12 th ancestor. He was traded to Malacca, Singapore and other places to collect money for building new palace, the Niat Lima Laras Palace (1707-1912). The palace located in Limalaras Village, Tanjung Tiram District, Asahan Regency. After Datu Muhammad Yuda passed away in 1919, the ancestors stayed there, but in 1970 that palace was not took care anymore and no one stayed in the palace.   Figure 3 showed the boat which was found in Bogak Village, Tanjung Tiram District, and according of Carbondating (C14) that it was about 240 ± 178 years ago [2]. From all the long of body Bogak boat, it is showed the round form in the middle and strength a long length in the two points. By using technology, it is showed that it used pickax (petel/belincung). It can be described that whole wooden was cut into half, and the handle of boat was made with 7 centimeters thick.
This boat construction showed combination of boats from Indonesian Archipelago and from the western. The keel of boat in the form of lesung boat showed the archipelago identifying mark, and the other park showed from western influence. The function of the boat is to carry commodity or trade, but not as a ferry, and this boat can load the weight totally around 15 tons.  In the front side of the coin shown in figure   6 presents English Kingdom symbol, and EIC stands for East India Company (English trade), and also the script 1887 conveying the year, but the back side of the coin is unclear.

Figure 6. EIC Coin
In the front side of the coin shown in figure   7 presents the picture of woman, and around it the name of the Victoria Queen was written. This coin was the first mold coin from Europe made from bronze.   Reference [3] stated that the aim to study history is to be wise before something happens. Thus, history of a country is very important to develop the value of local culture, especially to widen and bring some patterns in national culture. Local historical research can build local loyalty for national struggle to defense the Republic of Indonesia.
According to the observation done, the wood shavings existed as the proof in the area where the boat was found. It could be known that the boat was made in that area. It was connected to the place where the boat found, in the bank of the river, indicated from the age of the sediment. It is presumed that it was casted strongly, covered by sediment material, became thick, and then the ablation made the boat float to the surface.
The Radio Carbon analysis with C14 which still remained on the wood helps to provide reliable data. The results show that 240 ± 120 BP (1950), that is 240 ± 178 years ago, or that the remained sunken boat was from 200 years ago [4]. The Bogak boat was a cultural heritage remained and was connected to everyday life of the society in the 18th centuries. It was the time where the sailors and the traders from many countries embellished the economic living and developed the multiethnics such as Javanese, Tamil people, and the Chinese in that area, which became North Sumatera Society. When that area changed into rubber and other plantations, they became dock worker or coolie, porter or labor.
Asahan Kingdom was reign in Islam Period in Indonesia. In the politic side, the change could happen, like the last reign of Majapahit Kingdom and then came Demak Kingdom as the first Islam Kingdom in Java.

Be equal to shipping and trading expanded under Majapahit Kingdom influenceit is regarded
as agrarian kingdomthe Islam influence in Indonesian Archipelago became more expanded. In Java, the opportunity of sea trade existed before 15th centuries. It was believed that the proselytization Islam religion was the traders and the seamen [4], then they followed the harbor cities, especially along North Java Coast. In fact, during 16th centuries, Demak was a trade city whose ruler had embraced Islam. The great influence also strongly grew in the eastern Indonesian Archipelago.
The Islamic influence spread larger than India influence. In the early period, Islamic culture did not grow in eastern Indonesian Archipelago. The change and the expansion of the Islam made cultural diversity with the cultural influence of Hinduism and Buddhism. The subordinate is not only in the economy, politic and social sector, but also in the religion sector.

Conclusion
The