International Journal of Ecophysiology

The Liverworts Family Plagiochilaceae In Bukit Barisan Forest Park, North Sumatra

etti sartina siregar — 2024-09-29

Bukit Barisan Forest Park at Karo Regency, North Sumatra is a habitat for many species of liverworts, one of them is Plagiochilaceae. However little information about species of Plagiochilaceae reported from the area. This study aims to identify the species of Plagiochilaceae and describe their morphology. The research was conducted from July 2021 to February 2022. All species of the Plagiochilaceae were collected using the explorative method, by tracking along the research area. Nine species of Plagiochilaceae were found belonging to one genera Plagiochila. The species found were P. arbuscula, P. bantamensis, P. dendroides, P. denticulata, P. obtusa, P. salacensis, P. sciophila, P. sumatrana, P. ungarangana

Parental Care Behavior Of Sumatran Elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) During Nocturnal Activities In Gunung Leuser National Park, Tangkahan Resort, Langkat, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Kaniwa Berliani — 2024-09-29

The Sumatran elephant, active both day and night, is more active two hours before sunset and after dawn. In a matriarchal system, a dominant female leads the herd, with mothers and allomothers (non-nursing females) caring for the calves. This study, conducted at Gunung Leuser National Park, Tangkahan Resort, used CCTV to observe behavior like grooming, feeding, playing, and resting for 12 hours each night. Over 84 hours of observation, 5639 data points were recorded for adults and 5117 for calves, totaling 5040 minutes. Key nighttime activities included grooming (adults: 36.5%, calves: 22.07%), feeding (adults: 33.71%, calves: 24.5%), and playing (calves: 11.8%, adults: 5.24%). The study showed strong mother-calf bonds, with mothers actively protecting and teaching their young. These findings emphasize the mother’s role in the calf's development during nighttime.

Structure of Plankton and Bentos Communities in Bahorok River in Bahorok District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra

Hesti Wahyuningsih — 2024-09-29

This study analyzed the diversity and abundance of plankton and benthos in the Bahorok River, Bukit Lawang, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. This study was conducted on May 25, 2024. Sampling was done by collecting filtered water using a plankton net and substrate using a surber net to collect benthos from two points in the river. Identification of plankton and benthos using a microscope and laboratory analysis for physicochemical parameters. The value of plankton diversity in the Bahorok River was indexed well with a value of 3.01 as well as good evenness with a value of 0.95 however, benthos diversity was indexed low with a value of 0.68 and evenness was indexed moderate with a value of 0.62. The highest type of plankton is Raphidiopsis raciborskii. The highest type of benthos is Progomphus sp.

Antioxidative and Apoptotic Activities of Vernonia amygdalina Ethanolic Extract in the AOM/DSS Mice Model of Colon Cancer

Said Aldi Palevi — 2024-09-29

This study examined the efficacy and safety of Vernonia amygdalina ethanol extract (VAEE) therapy in treating azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colon cancer in mice, aiming to uncover the underlying mechanisms. A colon cancer mice model was used to evaluate the effects of VAEE on antioxidant enzyme levels and apoptosis. VAEE treatment increased SOD and caspase-3 levels while reducing MDA and Bcl-2 levels. These results indicate the potential of VAEE as an anticancer agent, with several doses showing significant increases in SOD and caspase-3 levels while significantly reducing MDA and Bcl-2 levels compared to the negative control (p<0.05). A dose of 500 mg/kg BW appears to be a potential candidate anticancer agent. Further studies on the molecular mechanisms and long-term effects are needed to support clinical applications.

Keywords: Antioxidants, AOM/DSS, Apoptosis, VAEE, Colon Cancer

Screening of Extract Secondary Metabolites of Bacteria Which Have Symbiosis with Sponges from Central Tapanuli Bakar Island as an Antibacteria

mirnawati mirnawati — 2024-09-29

This study aims to determine the presence of antibacterial-producing bacteria from sponges from Bakar Island, Central Tapanuli Regency and to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extracts from potential bacterial isolates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichiacoli. 21 pure isolates were found and it was known that 9 isolates produced antibacterial against S. aureus and 4 isolates against E. coli. Bacterial isolates with the highest inhibition zone against bothS.aureus and E. coli were found in isolates with code SP20 with each large inhibition zone are 14.5 mm and 16.04 mm. Then microscopic observations were carried out, namely gram staining and were obtained 8 isolates were gram positive, and 1 gram was negative. The biochemical test showed that SP20 showed positive results for the Motility, TSIA and Catalase Test but negative for Citrate Test. Bacterial isolates withthe code SP20 had the largest inhibition zone so that these isolates were to be extracted.The resultsof the screening test showed that the secondary metabolitesof the sponge symbiont bacterial extract from Bakar Island were positive for flavonoids and saponins. And then test the activity of secondary metabolites with 3 concentrations, 10%, 20%, and 30%.The results showed that the best concentration of the test bacteria was S. aureus at a concentration of 30% with an inhibition zone of 3.08 mm and E. coli at 5.04 mm.

Hepatoprotective effects of ethanol extract of mobe leaves/eeml (artocarpus lacucha buch-ham.) against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Meiva Amelia Lubis — 2024-09-29

This study evaluates the protective effects of ethanol extract of mobe leaves (Artocarpus lacucha Buch-Ham.) on ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels in rats induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on Liver. The ethanol extract was prepared by maceration using 96% ethanol. Results showed that administering 400 mg/kg BW of the extract significantly reduced total bilirubin, ALT, and AST levels in CCl4-induced rats. Phytochemical screening revealed bioactive compounds like flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, and glycosides, which are potential antioxidants and hepatoprotective agents. The study concludes that mobe leaf extract has potential as a therapeutic agent to protect the liver from toxic damage. The significant contribution of this research is providing a scientific basis for using mobe leaf extract as a natural hepatoprotective agent, highlighting its potential for safe and effective herbal medicine. Further research and clinical trials are recommended.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Red Spinach Leaves (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Extracted Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes

Emil salim — 2024-09-29

Background: Humans are among the most susceptible living beings to bacterial infections. Infectious wounds on the skin surface are easily colonized by various kinds of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes. Red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) contains flavonoids with antimicrobial properties.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of red spinach leaves (Amaranthus tricolor L.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Methods: This research includes the preparation, characterization, phytochemical screening of dried powder and extract. Extraction was performed by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method using 70% and 96% ethanol variations and then antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of red spinach leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria was carried out by paper disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer test) to obtain the diameter of inhibition.

Results: The 70% ethanol extract of red spinach leaves has the lowest concentrations of 0.78 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria with diameters of 7.23 mm, and 7.90 mm respectively. While the 96% ethanol extract of red spinach leaves has the lowest concentration of 0.78 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria with a same diameter of 7.43 mm.

Conclusion: Ethanol extract of red spinach leaves has antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes.

Potential of White Oyster Mushroom to Improve Male Fertility : A Systematic Review

Yoga Fathur Tri Andrianto — 2024-09-29

ABSTRACT :

Infertility in men is a health problem that is quite often experienced these days. One of the causes of idiopathic infertility in men is oxidative stress (SO). Several previous research results have previously been presented which prove that poor sperm quality is associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to SO. White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a mushroom that is rich in antioxidants which has great potential to reduce the occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which reach high levels of SO so it is thought to be useful in improving sperm quality.

Keyword : Infertility, Sperm, Pleurotus ostreatus.

ABSTRAK : Infertilitas pada pria merupakan masalah kesehatan yang cukup sering dialami saat ini. Salah satu penyebab infertilitas idiopatik pada pria adalah stres oksidatif (SO). Beberapa hasil penelitian terdahulu telah dipaparkan sebelumnya yang membuktikan bahwa kualitas sperma yang buruk berhubungan dengan peningkatan spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS) akibat SO. Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) merupakan jamur yang kaya akan antioksidan yang berpotensi besar dalam menurunkan terjadinya spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS) yang mencapai kadar SO tinggi sehingga diduga bermanfaat dalam meningkatkan kualitas sperma.

Diversity and abundance of mammals and aves in the Gunung Leuser National Park area, Bukit Lawang, Bahorok District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra

Kaniwa Berliani — 2024-09-29

Gunung Leuser National Park, located in Bukit Lawang, Langkat Regency, is renowned for its rich biodiversity, hosting a significant number of bird and mammal species. This study aimed to assess the diversity and abundance of mammals and birds in the park. Conducted from May 23 to 25, 2024, using Visual Encounter Surveys (VES) along a 1,000-meter transect, the research identified 8 mammal species with a total of 84 individuals, including Presbytis thomasi and Macaca fascicularis as the most prevalent. Additionally, 12 bird species with 87 individuals were recorded, dominated by the Hirundinidae family, notably Hirundo rustica and Hirundo tahitica. Diversity indices indicated moderate species diversity for both mammals (H' = 1.58) and birds (H' = 2.02), with high evenness (E = 0.78) in both groups, suggesting stable communities. The results highlight the park's significant biodiversity and the need for repeated surveys to refine data accuracy and enhance conservation efforts.

A Detection of Gemini Virus on Tomato Plants (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) in Karo North Sumatera Using Molecular Techniques

Saleha Hannum — 2024-09-29

Tomatoes are susceptible plants to various plant pests. One of the obstacles in tomato cultivation in Karo North Sumatera is the interference from various microorganisms such as plant virus attacks. The symptoms are the same as other diseases when in the field which causes difficulties in determining the type of virus that causes a disease, so it is necessary to carry out further testing as a good prevention. This study used the Polymorphism Chain Reaction (PCR) technique with universal primers for the Gemini virus. All samples of diseased tomato leaves originating from the Karo were attacked by Geminivirus which correlated with the presence of a DNA band measuring 1.5 kb after amplified.