Incidence of Bleeding Complications in Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Muhammad Ferhat; Anggia Chairuddin Lubis; Zainal Safri; Zulfikri Mukhtar; Harris Hasan; Teuku Bob Haykal; Yasmine Fitrina Siregar; Cut Aryfa Andra

doi:10.32734/jetromi.v7i3.21143

Authors

Muhammad Ferhat Department of Cardiology & Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8795-0168
Anggia Chairuddin Lubis Department of Cardiology & Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Zainal Safri Department of Cardiology & Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Zulfikri Mukhtar Department of Cardiology & Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Harris Hasan Department of Cardiology & Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Teuku Bob Haykal Department of Cardiology & Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Yasmine Fitrina Siregar Department of Cardiology & Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
Cut Aryfa Andra Department of Cardiology & Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32734/jetromi.v7i3.21143

Keywords:

Bleeding complications, Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI)

Abstract

Background: This study aims to comprehensively describe the incidence, types, and associated risk factors of bleeding complications in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), addressing a critical gap in the literature given the global burden of cardiovascular disease and the inherent bleeding risks of contemporary antithrombotic therapies.

Methode: This retrospective cross-sectional study will investigate the incidence and types of bleeding complications, along with associated risk factors, in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) at Adam Malik Hospital Medan, analyzing data from May 2022 to December 2024 through ethical review and statistical analysis using SPSS version 23.

Result: Of 245 STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI, 42.9% experienced bleeding, predominantly minor (BARC 1 and 2, 94.2% combined), with significant associations observed between bleeding and lower hemoglobin, higher leukocyte and creatinine levels, higher TIMI score, Killip class 3 and 4, diabetes, use of maintenance heparin, and increased mortality (84.6% of all deaths occurred in bleeding patients), while hematuria and puncture site hematoma were the most common bleeding sources.

Conclusion: This study found that 42.9% of 245 STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI experienced bleeding complications, predominantly minor (94.2%), with an average age of 55.22 years and a male majority.

Keyword: Bleeding complications, Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI)