Sociodemographic Determinants Of The Health Belief Model Among Tuberculosis Patients In The Karo Regency

Sociodemographic Determinants Of The Health Belief Model Among Tuberculosis Patients

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease with a significant health burden in Indonesia. Despite the availability of effective treatment, non-adherence to it continues to hinder control efforts. The Health Belief Model (HBM) posits that an individual's perceptions of susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and cues to action influence their health behavior. Understanding the relationship between patients’ socio-demographic factors and HBM perceptions is crucial to improving adherence to TB treatment and reducing disease transmission.

Method: Seventy-six TB patients in the early stages of therapy participated in a cross-sectional study that was carried out in Karo Regency between October and December 2024. A standardized questionnaire that had undergone validity and reliability testing was used to gather data. SPSS 26 was used for the statistical analysis, which included the chi-square test with a 95% CI and significance level of p<0.05. Fisher’s exact test was used for analysis if the data did not satisfy the conditions of the chi-square test.

Results: Knowledge had a significant relationship with perception of HBM (p = 0.001, OR 95%, CI = 5.250), as did the distance from home to the health center (p = 0.017, OR 95%, CI = 3.500).

Conclusion: To increase the perspective of HBM among TB patients, HBM-based education must be strengthened and access to health services improved.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, HBM, sociodemographic, Karo Regency