Journal of Endocrinology, Tropical Medicine, and Infectious Disease (JETROMI)

Prevalence of Cockroach Density, Gastrointestinal Disorders, and Identification of Parasites in Cockroaches in Helvetia Deli Serdang Village

M Ari Irawan, Yoan Carolina Panggabean, Dina Arwina Dalimunthe, Lambok Siahaan — Wed, 21 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background. Cockroaches are known to be vectors of various pathogens that can infect humans, one of which is intestinal parasites. Parasitic infectious diseases can cause symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders in sufferers, which can interfere with the sufferer's quality of life. This research aims to determine cockroach density, and gastrointestinal disorders in the community, and identify parasites in cockroaches.

Method. The research method used in this research is observational analytics. The population and sample for this study were the houses of the Helvetia Deli Serdang Village community which met the slum criteria of 100 houses. The caught cockroaches are then examined in the laboratory.

Results. The results obtained were that 96 houses (96%) were not infested with cockroaches, 4 houses (4%) had no cockroaches, and no houses were infested with cockroaches. The number of respondents who had experienced gastrointestinal disorders was 41 respondents (41%) and 59 respondents (59%) had never experienced them. Based on laboratory examination, 22 rhabditiform hookworm larvae (21.78%), 5 hookworm eggs (4.95%), and 1 Oxyruris vermicularis egg (0.99%) were found. Toxocara sp. as many as 1 piece (0.99%), and cysts Entamoeba histolytica as much as 1 piece (0.99%).

Conclusion. Based on these results, there was no high density of cockroaches found at the research location, the majority of respondents had never experienced gastrointestinal disorders in the past year, and parasites were found in cockroaches.

Association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Incidence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Devinda Villarsi, Taufik Sungkar — Thu, 29 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: The prevalence of obesity among the population has risen dramatically due to a sedentary lifestyle. Obesity is a risk factor for the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the prevalence of NAFLD rises to 90% in obese. NAFLD is a clinically silent disease that has become one of the most common causes of liver disease worldwide also due to multiple extrahepatic complications or comorbidities. This study aims to find the association between the Body mass index (BMI) and the incidence of NAFLD.
Method: This analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on the 3rd of July 2022 in Boho Village, Samosir District of North Sumatra. The participants were based on a simple random sampling that meets the criteria of inclusion. BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters (kg/m2), meanwhile, we performed an abdominal ultrasound to diagnose NAFLD. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and using Chi-Square test to see the association between BMI and the incidence of NAFLD.
Result: Among of 48 participants, most of them were fatty liver grade 1 (31.25%), and Overweight/Obese (62.5%). The incidence of NAFLD is more prevalent in obese than non-obese participants (p = 0.0001).
Conclusion: The most of participants were fatty liver grade 1 (31.25%), and Overweight/Obese (62.5%). There was a significant association between BMI and the incidence of NAFLD

Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (Frax Tool) Scores in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Haji Hospital Medan

T. Shafira, Deske Muhadi Rangkuti, Lidya Imelda Laksmi, M. Yusuf Rachmatsyah — Thu, 29 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. Bone fragility in T2DM, which mirrored bone mineral density and bone mass reduction. Classical diagnosis of osteoporosis in T2DM is performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the risk of fracture can be assessed using the FRAX tool (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool). The purpose of the study was to assess the risk of osteoporosis using FRAX tool calculation (without BMD) in T2DM patients at the endocrine metabolic clinic of Haji Hospital Medan.
Method: Descriptive observational with a cross-sectional study approach using primary and secondary data from the medical records of the Endocrine and Metabolic Clinic of Haji Hospital Medan in September-October 2023.
Results: Of the 80 respondents with a risk of major osteoporosis, there were 77 respondents (96.3%) with low risk, 3 respondents (3%) with moderate risk, and no respondents with high risk (0%). The FRAX score for the risk of hip fracture received a low risk of 72 respondents (90%). At the same time, the high-risk was 8 respondents (10%).
Conclusion: The majority of T2DM patients at Haji Hospital Medan are at low- risk for major osteoporosis and hip fracture

Relationships Between Age of Onset, Seizure Frequency, And Disease Duration with Cognitive Function in Epilepsy Patients at the Neurology Clinic of H. Adam Malik Central Hospital, Medan

Thu, 29 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Cognitive function disorders often occur in individuals with epilepsy. The decline in cognitive function in epilepsy patients can be caused by various factors, including age of onset, seizure frequency, and duration of the disease. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the age of onset, seizure frequency, and disease duration on the cognitive function of epilepsy patients at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan
Method: The chosen research design is a cross-sectional analytic. The study was conducted at the neurology outpatient clinic of the Adam Malik Central General Hospital in Medan. The samples used were patients diagnosed with epilepsy at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of Adam Malik Central General Hospital in Medan, aged 18-65 years, and without any other medical conditions aside from epilepsy. The study involved 35 subjects.
Result: The majority of the research subjects are aged 18-45 years (94.3%), with more males (51.4%) than females. Most have a high school education background (48.6%), and the largest group is unemployed (62.9%). The most common age group at onset is 0-18 years (48.6%). The majority of subjects experience seizures in the rare category (less than 1 time per month) at 62.9%. Most subjects have a disease duration of less than 15 years (65.7%). The majority of epilepsy patients at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of H. Adam Malik Hospital (52.1%) have abnormal cognitive function based on the MoCA-Ina test results. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. The chi-square test results revealed a significant relationship between age of onset and cognitive function (p=0,008), a significant relationship between seizure frequency and cognitive function (p=0,004), and a significant relationship between disease duration and cognitive function (p=0,012). The multivariate analysis results indicated that disease duration had a significant relationship with cognitive function, with an odds ratio of 0,081 (p-value=0,037, 95% CI 0,008-0,862).
Conclusion: There is a relationship between age of onset, seizure frequency, and disease duration with the cognitive function of epilepsy patients at the Neurology Outpatient Clinic of Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in Medan

The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Patients with Cervical Cancer Patients at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan

Thu, 29 Feb 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Indonesia. As a culturally rich country, Indonesia has various traditional medicines that are passed through generations to maintain health conditions as local wisdom in the society. A combination of conventional complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is often used by cancer patients. This study aims to describe the use of complementary and alternative medicine among cervical cancer patients in H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan.
Method: This is a descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design. Subjects were patients diagnosed with cervical cancer at Gyneco-Oncology Clinic, H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan. Fifty patients were interviewed with questions about the type, frequency, source of information, satisfaction rate, and openness to doctors regarding the use of CAM. Data were collected from July - September 2023.
Results: The types of CAM used were nutritional therapy (39.3%), mind-body interventions (27.1%), herbs (23.4%), massage (9.3%), and acupuncture (0.9%). Most of the subjects used a combination of 2 types of CAM (74%). Most of the respondents (82%) were satisfied with CAM, and 48% of respondents did not inform doctors regarding the CAM used.
Conclusion: All cervical cancer outpatients at H. Adam Malik Hospital used CAM together with conventional cancer therapy. The doctors should actively ask about the CAM that is used by the patients since not all patients disclose the information to their healthcare provider.

The Association of Age, Parity, and History of Cesarean Section with the Occurrence of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (Pas) at H. Adam Malik Hospital in Medan 2020-2022

Tue, 05 Mar 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Maternal mortality rate (MMR) is an indicator of the quality of midwifery services in a country. Postpartum hemorrhage is a serious life-threatening complication and the main cause of maternal death especially that caused by placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). This study aims to determine the relationship between age, parity, and history of cesarean section on the incidence of PAS at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2020-2022.
Method: This study was an analytic-observational study with a cross-sectional design. The data used came from the medical records, including information about the population of mothers who gave birth, maternal age at delivery, parity, and previous history of cesarean section. Statistical analysis used univariate and bivariate chi-square tests.
Result: The study subjects were 84 people selected by simple random sampling method. The results of the univariate analysis showed the highest frequency of age >32 years, parity 3-4 times, and a history of cesarean section ≥ 2. The results of bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between age and the incidence of PAS (p=0.016), parity and the incidence of PAS (p<0.001), and a history of cesarean section and the incidence of PAS (p=0.004).
Conclusion: There is a relationship between age, parity, and history of cesarean section with the incidence of PAS at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan in 2020-2022.