Jurnal Pertanian Tropik

Inventory of Pest and Disease in Mango Plants (Mangifera indica)

2022-07-07T12:05:51+07:00

Mango is a local fruit that is widely grown in Indonesia. Mango has several benefits for human life, including as a source of vitamins and industrial raw materials. This study aims to obtain pathogenic fungi that have the ability to cause disease in mango plants. This research was conducted in mango orchards in the provinces of South Sumatera, West Kalimantan, East Java, and Bali. Pathogenic fungi were observed from stems, leaves, and fruit. All symptoms of physiological and morphological deviations were observed to identify the cause. Then the identification procedure uses a supporting literature library. Pathogenic fungi were found, namely Xanthomonas citri pv. mangiferaeindicae, Ganoderma lucidum, Elsinoe mangiferae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Ganoderma applantum, Paratetranychus yothersi, and Bemisia tabaci.

RESPONSE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER OF BAMBOO BAMBOO AND VEGETABLE COMPOST ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF ROBUSTA COFFEE (CoffeaCanephora)

2022-08-04T10:13:28+07:00

This research program aims to determine the responsegiving organic fertilizer to the vegetative growth of robusta coffee plants (CoffeaCanephora). Using a 2 factorial Group Design (RAK), each treatment was given 3 replications. Factor 1 was liquid organic fertilizer for bamboo shoots (P0: control, P1: 200 ml + 1000 ml water, P2: 500 ml + 1000 ml water, and P3: 800 ml + 1000 ml water). Factor 2 is using vegetable compost (K0: control, K1: 10 grams/polybag, K2: 20 grams/polybag), K3: 30 grams/polybag). Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and leaf width. Based on the data on the response variance of the application of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) for bamboo shoots, it was shown that there was no significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and leaf width at the ages of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 mst. The results of the response variance data for the application of vegetable compost showed no significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and leaf width at the ages of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 mst. And the results of the interaction of the two treatments showed no significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf width.

Intensification of Kalimantan White Pepper (Piper nigrum) Oil Extraction Based on Microwaves and Ultrasonics

2022-06-27T15:01:22+07:00

White pepper is one of the staple spices of East Kalimantan. In order to boost the competitiveness of white pepper commodities, it is necessary to raise the added value of the commodity by transforming it into high-value goods, such as white pepper oil. This research intends to evaluate the production of local (LPL) white pepper oil (MLP) with commercial white pepper oil (LPK) using different extraction techniques (microwave-assisted hydro distillation, MAHD; and ultrasonic following hydro distillation, US-HD). This experiment also evaluated the effect of extraction factors on oil yield, including microwave power on MAHD, ultrasonic wave power on US-HD, sonication duration on US-HD, and solvent volume. A comparison of the energy usage of both approaches was also conducted in order to identify the most effective approach. The MAHD and US-HD techniques were used to extract 80 grams of dry white pepper powder mixed with aquadest for 90 and 180 minutes, respectively. Specifically for US-HD, the combination of raw materials was sonicated for 3-5 minutes prior to extraction utilizing the HD method. In both MAHD and US-HD, LPK includes more MLP than LPL, according to experimental findings. MLP yield may be increased by the addition of solvent, wave power (micro and ultrasonic), and sonication time. Based on its efficiency and energy consumption, the US-HD approach is superior to the MAHD.

EFFECT OF LENGTH EXPOSURE AND TYPES OF VOICE ON CORN SEEDS (Zea Mays) VIABILITY AND EARLY GROWTH

2022-02-22T08:12:39+07:00

Seed quality includes three aspects, namely genetic quality, physical quality and physiological quality. Physiological quality is an aspect of seed quality as indicated by seed viability and vigor. 
This study aims to analyze the effect of different types of sound exposure on viability and early growth of corn seeds, and to analyze the effect of long exposure to sound on viability and early growth of maize seeds. The research was carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Teuku Umar University. on September 20 - October 19, 2019. This study used a Split Plot with the main plot type of sound exposure consisting of four levels, and the main sub-plot, namely the length of sound exposure consisting of three levels. Observed parameters; germination rate, growth speed, synchronous growth (KST), stomata openings. Based on the research results, the best germination rate, growth rate, growth impregnability, leaf width, and stomatal openings were found in the Murrotal Al-Quran exposure. In the long exposure to sound treatment, it showed that the length of exposure to sound had no significant effect on germination, growth speed, growth impregnability, leaf width of maize plants, and stomata opening of maize plants.

A Study of Genetic Variability 30 Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) Using Some SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) Markers Adrift Zn

2022-06-20T21:28:29+07:00

Rice is one of the important commodities in indonesia. Analysis of rice genetic diversity is necesarry for the succes of the local rice variety program. This study aims to identify the genetic variability and kinship patterns of 30 rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.) using six zinc-linked SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. The research was conducted in September - December 2021 at the DNA Laboratory of the Sukamandi Rice Plant Research Center. A total of 30 local rice genotypes with diverse Zinc content have been analyzed using laboratory experiments. The results showed that there were different allele variations (2 – 8) among the genotypes tested with an average number of alleles of 4.5, while the average value of Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) amounted to 0.48 (0.20 - 0.70). 4 SSR markers have PIC values of > 0.5 (RM162, RM38, RM30, and RM80) which show that the markers are informative for the study of rice genetic diversity with Zinc content variety with an average gene diversity value of 0.53. The results of the phylogenetic analysis showed that the 30 genotypes clustered into five clusters with a similar coefficient of 0.68.

Effectiveness of Pest Control of Cocoa Fruit (Conopomorpha cramerella as) Using Pruning and Vegetable Insecticide Treatment on Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L)

2022-08-15T16:19:15+07:00

The sustainability of cocoa production in Indonesia is faced with the problem of the cocoa pod borer (Theobroma cacao L.). In an effort to control the main pests on cocoa plants, various techniques can be used, namely control with the use of natural insecticides and control by technical culture in the form of pruning. Natural insecticide is an insecticide whose basic ingredients come from plants that are easilybiodegradablein nature, so they do not pollute the environment and are relatively safe for humans and livestock, because the residue is easily lost. Pruning is the act of removing part of the plant organs in the form of branches, twigs and leaves with the aim of obtaining good cocoa plant branches, regulating the distribution of production branches and leaves so that they are evenly distributed, removing unwanted plant parts, stimulating the plants to grow. form new organs, reduce the risk of pest and disease attacks, and increase the ability of plants to form fruit. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of the application of botanical insecticides and pruning to the control of the cocoa pod borer (Theobroma cacao L.). The experimental design used a non-factorial randomized block design consisting of 7 treatments. The treatment of vegetable insecticides consisted of 4 levels, namely I0 (Without insecticide = Control), I1 (vegetable insecticide made from srikaya seeds at a dose of 250 ml/liter of water), I2 (vegetable insecticide made from tuba root with a dose of 250 ml/liter water), I3 (vegetable insecticide made from tobacco leaves at a dose of 250 ml/liter of water). The pruning treatment consisted of 3 levels, namely I4 (Without Pruning (Control), I5 (Pruning Interval 7 days after the study) and I6 (Pruning Interval 14 days after the study). Observations consisted of attack intensity, level of damage caused by PBK attack, attack index and production Control of the cocoa pod borer by pruning and botanical insecticides on cocoa plants showed a significant effect on the parameters of attack intensity and level of damage at the age of 6 weeks, and the attack index at the age of 12 weeks. 2 msp, 4 msp, 8 msp, 10 msp, 12 msp, and the parameters of the level of damage at the age of 2 msp, 4 msp, 8 msp, 10 msp, 12 msp and the plant production parameters at the age of 12 msp showed no significant effect.

CO2 MEASUREMENT IN PALM OIL PLANT IN PEATLAND

2022-08-12T18:16:15+07:00

Peatlands are one of the contributors to greenhouse gas emissions because it is estimated that the carbon stock stored in them is around 528 Giga tons (Gt) or equivalent to 75% of the total carbon (C) in the atmosphere, so that if peat is oxidized it will cause carbon to be released into the air. The conversion of forest land to agricultural land can be one of the causes, including the activity of making drainage channels. The construction of drainage channels causes a decrease in the water table so that the volume of peat under aerobic conditions increases while increasing the activity of microorganisms in decomposing peat. Peat decomposition and root respiration contribute to carbon emissions. This study aims to determine the CO2 concentration in several conditions of oil palm roots. CO2 measurement by survey method on oil palm plantations, using the IRGA (Infra Red Gas Analyzer). Measurements are carried out once per month from January to May 2020 for 3 minutes. The point of observation was determined by 2 factors with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Factor 1 is the observation point in the area of accumulation of midrib pieces and other litter (B1) and factor 2 is the observation point in the road area around the tree (B2). While the treatments were (A1) natural roots, (A2) roots were cut when the measurements were going to be taken and (A3) roots were cut and permanently restricted. The results of the measurement of the highest average concentration of CO2 changes from 0 minutes to 3 minutes in January were in treatment B1A3 (140.4 ppm), February in treatment B2A3 (103.9 ppm), March B1A3 (124.6 ppm) ppm), April B1A3 (143.8 ppm) and May B1A3 (110.7 ppm). Meanwhile, the lowest concentration of CO2 changes from 0 minutes to 3 minutes in January was in treatment B1A1 (71.5 ppm), February in treatment B1A1 (25.7 ppm), March B2A3 (40.2 ppm), and March B2A3 (40.2 ppm). April B2A1 (30.6 ppm) and May B1A1 (43.2 ppm). From the measurement results, it can be concluded that the highest concentration of CO2 and its changes was in treatment B1A3, namely in the treatment of cutting roots with permanent blocks, while the concentration of CO2 and its reduced changes was in the treatment of natural roots (A1) both in Blocks B1 and B2.

Use of Suweg (Amorphopallus campanulatus )Tuber Flour Substitute bread flour on the quality of sweet bread

2022-08-08T12:05:27+07:00

Healthy food is food that is rich in fiber, therefore this study was conducted to see the difference in the making of sweet bread by substituting wheat flour to Suweg tuber flour which is believed to be higher in fiber and better, besides that the treatment is to add CMC concentration in the manufacture of sweet bread. The Objective of this study was to obtain the best substitution effect of wheat flour and Suweg tuber flour in terms of nutritional value and quality of sweet bread and to determine the effect of CMC concentration in the manufacture of sweet bread. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with two factorials. Factor I is the ratio of wheat flour and flour (T) consisting of 5 levels, namely T0 = 200: 0, T1 = 180: 20, T2 = 160: 30, T3 = 140: 60, T4 = 120: 80. Factor II is CMC concentration (C) consists of 3 levels, C1 = 0.37, C2 = 0.75, C3 = 1.12. Observational parameter tests carried out were color organoleptic tests, texture organoleptic tests, flavour organoleptic tests, taste organoleptic tests, expansion volume, water content, ash content, fat content, fiber content, and protein content. The results showed that the ratio of wheat flour and Suweg tuber flour had a very significant difference (p<0.01) on color organoleptic, flavour organoleptic, texture organoleptic, taste organoleptic, dough volume expansion, moisture content, content fat content, protein content and crude fiber content, while the concentration of CMC was very significant (p<0.01) on color organoleptic, texture organoleptic, dough volume expansion organoleptic, water content, protein content, fat content, and crude fiber content.

Agronomy Performance and Resistance of Shallots against Fusarium Wilt Disease under Various Salicylic Acid Treatments

2022-08-29T16:25:15+07:00

This research aims to know the agronomic character and resistance of shallots against fusarium wilt disease under various salicylic acid treatments. This research was conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with one factor, namely the treatment of salicylic acid concentrations (0 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm, and 25 ppm) with 3 replications. Each treatment was inoculated with Fusarium acutatum inoculum (106 conidia ml-1 distilled water) except for the negative control, without being inoculated with Fusarium acutatum inoculum. The materials used included shallot bulbs of the Tajuk variety, synthetic salicylic acid, Fusarium acutatum inoculum. Variables of observation of agronomic characters include; plant height, number of leaves, fresh tuber weight while the disease component variables include; incubation period, and disease incidence. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significance level of 95%, then the DMRT test (95%) was carried out to determine the differences between treatments. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the 0 ppm treatment (control) and the 15, 20, and 25 ppm treatment on the characters of plant height, fresh weight, and disease incidence. Meanwhile for the character of the number of leaves and incubation period there was no significant difference between the control and salicylic acid treatment. Salicylic acid treatment at a concentration of 15 ppm showed the highest plant height (34.26 cm), the highest number of leaves (24.46 strands), the highest fresh tuber weight (6.30 g), and the least disease incidence (14.55%).

Provision of Urea Fertilizer and Organic Fertilizer of Rice Husk Charcoal on the Growth of Oil Palm Seeds

2022-08-29T16:34:45+07:00

Good seed growth is a factor in the success of oil palm cultivation due to genetic pre-nursery factors in the field, so that the provision of nutrients in the initial seed growth plays an important role in determining the overall appearance of the seedlings during its growing period. This study aims to determine the effect of oil palm seed growth by applying Uera fertilizer and rice husk charcoal organic fertilizer during the pre-nursery in the field. The experiment was carried out from October 2020 to May 2021 in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Science and Technology, Labuhanbatu University, Rantauprapat at an altitude of 13 meters above sea level. The experimental design in this study was a randomized block design with a factorial pattern that was repeated three times. The first factor is the dose of Uera fertilizer which consists of four levels, namely U₀ = 0 kg / ha, U₁ = 100 kg / ha, U₂ = 200 kg / ha, U₃ = 300 kg / ha and the second factor includes the dose of Rice Husk Charcoal Organic Fertilizer (ton / ha) consists of three levels, namely A₀ = 0 ton / ha, A₁ = 100 ton / ha, and A₂ = 200 ton / ha. The results of the experiment showed that there was an interaction effect of uera fertilizer and rice husk charcoal organic fertilizer on plant height (cm),leaf area of oil palm seedlings (cm²), in the number of leaves (leaf) and accretion hump diameter (mm). Treatment of urea fertilizer of 300 kg / ha and organic fertilizer of rice husk charcoal as much as 20 tons / ha produced plant height and leaf area during the pre-nursery