Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering

Study of Fruit Waste as Bio-battery Materials for Alternative Electricity

Riswanti Sigalingging, Yohana Sitorus — Mon, 18 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Organic vegetable and fruit waste may be used for green energy. Electrolyte-rich fruits can be used to make pollution-free bio-batteries. This study measures fermentation temperature and environment, pH before and after fermentation, electrical voltage, current, power, resistance, and energy in starfruit (Averrhoa carambola), mango (Mangifera indica), and strawberry (Fragaria) waste for 8, 10, and 12 days. A fully randomized factorial design was used for the experiment. The investigation concluded that 8-day strawberry waste fermentation was the optimum treatment. Temperature after fermentation was 28°C, ambient temperature was 29°C, pH before fermentation was 4, after fermentation was 3.2, voltage was 2.97 volts, current was 3.65 mA, power was 10.84 mW, resistance was 1,297 Ohm, and electrical energy was 73.32 mWh.

The Study of Erosion on Varoious Land Use in Paluh Besar Sub Watershed Using Geographic Information System

Sepriadi Tarigan , Delima Lailan Sari Nasution — Mon, 18 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Erosion could be a sign of natural resources damage. It’s important to prevent the erosion that had to predict in each land cover to sustainability of natural resources. This study aimed to predict the erosion value in each land cover unit using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) Method with Geographic Information System. The study showed that the highest erosion occurs in residential area which valued 138.11 ton/ha/year and the lowest occur in pond that valued 0.3 ton/ha/year. The highest erosion hazard level occur in residential area that classify moderate (III) and the lowest erosion hazard level is pond that classify low hazard level (I).

Biogas Production from Tofu Processing Waste and Corncobs with the Addition of Clam Shell Lime

Sulastri Panggabean, Fauziah Fauziah — Mon, 18 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Tofu production process waste has the potential to become raw material in producing biogas because its organic components, but it has a very low pH, which is not suitable for biogas production. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the pH and maintain it to be neutral during fermentation. The number of treatments given were two treatments. The first treatment by adding 3% of NaOH and the second treatment by adding clam shell lime as much as 3 levels (6%, 7% and 8%). From the research, it was found that the highest value of parameters tested was found in the treatment of adding clam shell lime as much as 6% which produced biogas as much as 1633.33 ml with a pressure of 1.0184 bar. The biogas production rate was 842 ml /day. After the combustion test, the resulting flame was blue and can burn for 38.63 seconds.

Chemical Characteristics of Palm Frond and Empty Fruit Bunch Biochar in Pyrolysis Method

Ika Fitriana Dyah Ratnasari — Mon, 18 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Indonesia's palm oil production continues to increase. The increase in palm oil production has implications for the high amount of waste generated in the form of solid and liquid waste. Solid waste that is produced is fronds and empty bunches. So far, the utilization of frond and empty bunch waste has not been maximized, so that its presence in the oil palm plantation area accumulates and tends to interfere with oil palm maintenance and harvesting activities. Processing the waste of fronds and empty bunches with pyrolysis method to make biochar can be the right solution to maximize the use value of these wastes. Biochar has many benefits for soil and plants such as soil improver that can effectively increase soil pH and CEC. In addition, it can help bind nutrients in the soil so that they become available to plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical characteristics of biochar waste fronds and empty bunches. The results of chemical tests of palm frond biochar and empty palm bunches obtained the results of N, P, K, C/N, Ash Content, pH, and C-Organic respectively of 0.47%, 0.04%, 0.96%, 4.86%, 7.96, and 50.18% on palm frond biochar and 0.91%, 0.03%, 0.67%, 7,18%, 6.31 %, and 58.04% on empty palm bunches. These results meet the requirements of SNI 06-3730-1995 to be applied to soil.

Interactive Effects of sowing methods, Phosphorus Fertilization and Varieties on Chickpea (Cicer erietinum L.) Yields Growth in Vertisols

Julius Nyaombo, Professor Amos Enock Majule — Mon, 18 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Field experiments were conducted in farming seasons 2020/2021 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 to investigate the effects of fertilization, varieties and sowing methods and their interactions on yield attributes of chickpea on vertisols in Tanzania. Three desi type chickpea varieties (Local check-1, Mwanza-1 and Ukiriguru-1), two fertilizer rates sources (50 and 60 kg P₂O₅ and control fertility) and three sowing methods (Spacing [30x10]cm, sowing behind plough and broadcasting) and their interactions were evaluated. Experiments were conducted in a factorial arrangement of three replicated randomized complete block design. The size of each plot was (3x3) m. At Tukey’s 95% confidence interval, results reveled that fertilization was significant at (p<0.001) on plant population at harvest, biological yield and grain yield while varieties were significant at (p<0.001) on number of seeds per pod and 500 seeds weight as well as at (p=0.002) on grain yield. 50 kg/ha of 60 kg P₂O₅ Kg/ha and 50 kg P₂O₅ kg/ha resulted to 1,255 kg/ha and 709 kg/ha with a least performance recorded on control fertility resulting to 616 kg/ha. On varieties, Ukiruguru-1 resulted to 1,040 kg/ha while Local variety and Mwanza-1 resulted to 735kg/ha and 804 kg/ha respectively. It was concluded that yield attributes of chickpea improved with seed varieties and fertilizer use whereby Ukiruguru-1 resulted to maximum yield per ha as well as 60 kg P₂O₅ Kg/ha resulted to maximum yield per ha. Therefore, Ukriguru-1 may be cultivated along with 60 kg P₂O₅ for maximum chickpea yield. Further studies are recommended for appropriate spacing.