Pengaruh Waktu Ekstraksi, Rasio Bahan/Pelarut, dan Daya Microwave Terhadap Hasil Ekstraksi Minyak Serai Dapur dengan Bantuan Gelombang Mikro

Venitalitya A. S.  Augustia; Naufal  Charfadz; Rizki  Akbar; Diana

doi:10.32734/jtk.v10i2.6489

Authors

Venitalitya A. S. Augustia Universitas Islam Indonesia
Naufal Charfadz Universitas Islam Indonesia
Rizki Akbar Universitas Islam Indonesia
Diana Universitas Islam Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v10i2.6489

Keywords:

power, microwave, lemongrass, extraction time, raw material and solvent ratio

Abstract

Lemongrass, one type of source of essential oils, is widely cultivated in Indonesia. There are several methods for extracting the essential oils from lemongrasses, such as hydro-distillation, steam distillation, soxhlet extraction, extraction with supercritical fluids, ultrasonic extraction, and microwave-assisted hydro-distillation. In this study, microwave-assisted hydro-distillation was used as the extraction method. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of extraction time (60 minutes, 75 minutes, and 90 minutes), lemongrass/solvent ratio (1:4 g/mL and 1:5 g/mL), and microwave power (500 watt and 600 watt) on quantity and quality of lemongrass essential oil. The essential oils obtained were analyzed in the form of calculation of the essential oil density, yield, and GC-MS analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the density of the extracted lemongrass oil ranged from 0.880 g/mL – 0.920 g/mL at a temperature of 30 ^oC, with the highest yield ranging from 0.0044% – 0.0046% in samples with a material/solvent ratio of 1:5 g/mL. The components found in lemongrass oil were Z-citral, geranyl acetate, geraniol.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

N. Khalil, M. Ashour, S. Fikry, A. N. Singab, and O. Salama, “Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of selected Apiaceous fruits,” Futur. J. Pharm. Sci., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 88–92, 2018.

F. Nazzaro, F. Fratianni, L. De Martino, R. Coppola, and V. De Feo, “Effect of essential oils on pathogenic bacteria,” Pharmaceuticals, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1451–1474, 2013.

S. Mandal and M. Mandal, “Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil: Chemistry and biological activity,” Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed., vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 421–428, 2015.

R. Fokom et al., “Growth, essential oil content, chemical composition and antioxidant properties of lemongrass as affected by harvest period and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in field conditions,” Ind. Crops Prod., vol. 138, no. June, p. 111477, 2019.

F. Benkaci-Ali, A. Baaliouamer, and B. Y. Meklati, “Kinetic study of microwave extraction of essential oil of Nigella sativa L. seeds,” Chromatographia, vol. 64, no. 3–4, pp. 227–231, 2006.

H. S. Kusuma and M. Mahfud, “Preliminary study: Kinetics of oil extraction from sandalwood by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 128, no. 1, 2016.

O. A. Lawal, A. L. Ogundajo, N. O. Avoseh, and I. A. Ogunwande, "Cymbopogon citratus", in Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa. London: Elsevier Inc, 2017, pp. 397 - 423.

E. H. Chisowa, D. R. Hall, and D. I. Farman, “Volatile constituents of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf grown in Zambia,” Flavour Fragr. J., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 29–30, 1998.

E. O. Ajayi, A. P. Sadimenko, and A. J. Afolayan, “GC-MS evaluation of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf oil obtained using modified hydrodistillation and microwave extraction methods,” Food Chem., vol. 209, pp. 262–266, 2016.

A. Wany, A. Kumar, S. Nallapeta, S. Jha, V. K. Nigam, and D. M. Pandey, “Extraction and characterization of essential oil components based on geraniol and citronellol from Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt),” Plant Growth Regul., vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 133–145, 2014.

H. S. Kusuma, A. Altway, and M. Mahfud, “Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from dried patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) leaves,” J. Ind. Eng. Chem., vol. 58, pp. 343–348, 2018.

M. Chenni, D. El Abed, S. Neggaz, N. Rakotomanomana, X. Fernandez, and F. Chemat, “Solvent free microwave extraction followed by encapsulation of O. basilicum L. essential oil for insecticide purpose,” J. Stored Prod. Res., vol. 86, 2020.

C. A. Pramani, "Pengaruh Perlakuan Awal Bahan Baku dan Waktu Destilasi Serai Dapur (Cymbopogon citratus) Terhadap Karakteristik Fisikokimia Minyak Serai Dapur (Lemongrass oil)", Skripsi, Univ. Sebelas Maret. Surakarta, 2010.

Y. E. Feriyanto, P. J. Sipahutar, and P. Prihatini, “Menggunakan Metode Distilasi Uap dan Air dengan Pemanasan Microwave,” J. Tek. Pomits. vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 93–97, 2013.

T. Liu et al., “Application of ionic liquids based microwave-assisted simultaneous extraction of carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid and essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis,” J. Chromatogr. A, vol. 1218, no. 47, pp. 8480–8489, 2011.

K. P. Solanki, M. A. Desai, and J. K. Parikh, “Microwave intensified extraction: A holistic approach for extraction of citronella oil and phenolic compounds,” Chem. Eng. Process. - Process Intensif., vol. 146, no. November, 2019.

Z. Drinić, D. Pljevljakušić, J. Živković, D. Bigović, and K. Šavikin, “Microwave-assisted extraction of O. vulgare L. spp. hirtum essential oil: Comparison with conventional hydro-distillation,” Food Bioprod. Process., vol. 120, no. 2006, pp. 158–165, 2020.

J. R. Dean, “Microwave extraction,” Compr. Sampl. Sample Prep., vol. 2, no. May 1994, pp. 135–149, 2012.

A. R. Mohamed Hanaa, Y. I. Sallam, A. S. El-Leithy, and S. E. Aly, “Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil as affected by drying methods,” Ann. Agric. Sci., vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 113–116, 2012.