Language Disorder of the Main Character in Dancing in the Rain Movie

. This study is aimed to find out types of language disorder and explain the symptoms shown in each type of language disorders experienced by the main character in “Dancing in the Rain” movie. This study uses descriptive qualitative method. The data of this study are in the form of words, phrases, sentences and behavior which taken from the main character’s utterances and behaviors during his engagement in activities. The result of this study shows that the two types of language disorder: expressive language disorder and receptive language disorder were experienced by Banyu Anggoro as the main character in ‘Dancing in the Rain’ movie. Each type of language disoder shows some different symptoms with varying occurrences. The symptoms shown in receptive language disorder are not appearing to listen, difficulty following verbal directions, limited vocabulary, difficulty understanding complex sentences, difficulty interpreting words or phrases, and demonstrating lack of interest. Meanwhile, the symptoms of expressive language disorder are word-finding difficulties, limited vocabulary, over reliance on stock phrases, and difficulty coming to the point of what they are trying to say.


Introduction
Language is one of the essential things in human life. It becomes a means of human communication and interaction. Because it has a prominent role, language cannot be separated from human life, either spoken or written. According to Halliday (2006), The study of language meaning is a study of how languages encode relations between entities, properties, and other aspects of the world to express, process, and establish meaning, as well as to manage and accomplish ambiguity.
Language is also used to express feeling, idea, and also thought. Unfortunately, not all human are able to produce and comprehend language normally. Sometimes, it is difficult for some people to interact and communicate with other people in their social life. This phenomenon is Resuming the explanation above, it can be concluded that language disorder is an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts or verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbol systems. Language disorder may be evident in the processes of hearing, language, and/or speech. Language disorder may range in severity from mild to profound. It may be developmental or acquired. Individuals may demonstrate one or any combination of language disorders. A language disorder may result in a primary disability or it may be secondary to other disabilities.
In addition, Field (2003) states the problems of language disorder can be expressive language disorder, receptive language disorder, and combination of both of them. Expressive language disorder means impaired language production while receptive language disorder means impaired language comprehension. Those two problems occur in different condition, receptive language disorder occurs after someone interacts or communicates with the sufferer, while expressive language disorder occurs when the sufferer wants to try to communicate with others.
According to Levia et al., (2019), the phenomenon of language disorder can be experienced by autistic people and the patient of Broca Aphasia. Language disorder that found in autistic people is more related to mental disorder. The word 'autism' is a common term which is often found and heard. American Psychiatric Association (2000) states that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of severe developmental disorders that are characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication as well as restricted or repetitive patterns of behaviors or interests (Gerenser, 2008:67).
Considering the importance of language in everyday life, it will be very difficult for people who suffer language disorder to interact because they have limitation in communication. That phenomenon does not only occur in real life. It also can be found and reflected in a movie. In line with Levia's et al., (2019) statement that since movie is made in a type of varying media, a movie can convey a message to the audiences verbally and nonverbally. Movie conveys message to the audiences verbally through the conversation of the characters and the content of the movie. Meanwhile, it convey message nonverbally through gestures, facial expression, body appearances, and vocal volume. Therefore, in this study, movie is chosen rather than real life to investigate language disorder that experienced by the autistic sufferer which is depicted by the main character of "Dancing in the Rain" movie. "Dancing in the Rain" movie was released simultaneously in cinemas with a number of cities throughout Indonesia on Thursday, October 18, 2018 and directed by Rudi Aryanto, with 1:41:16 duration. This movie tells about child named Banyu Anggoro who suffers autism spectrum disorders that impacts his social interaction abilities. It also shows speech abnormalities that reflected from the way the main character interacts and communicates to others.
From the rationale above, it is worth to conduct an analysis of language disorder of main character in "Dancing in the Rain" in more specific about the types of language disorder experienced and the symptoms shown in each type of language disorders by the main character in "Dancing in the Rain" movie.

Methods
This study uses descriptive qualitative method. The source of data of this study is a movie entitled 'Dancing in the Rain'. This movie was derived from YouTube in this link https://youtu.be/rwIFqq60kXc. It was released in 2018 with the duration of 1:41:16. The data of this study are in the form of words, phrases, sentences and behavior which taken from the main character's utterances and behaviors during his engagement in activities. Each of the data is in the form of conversation that taken from some scenes of the movie.
There are some procedures used in collecting the data. First, downloading the movie entitled 'Dancing in the Rain' from Youtube. The second is observing the data by watching the movie.
After observing the movie, then identifying the utterances of the main character. After the data identified, the last is classifying the related data to the questions.
The first step in data analysis is data condensation. The collected data is selected and classified based on the statement of questions. Then, the data are separated as data 1, data 2, data 3 and so on based on the utterances of each scene of the movie.
In each of data, some symbols are used to simplify the data analysis process. Basically, the symbols shows the description of the utterance that are found, such as Banyu Anggoro (BA), Banyu's grandmother (BG), Banyus's teacher (BT), Radin (R), Radin's mother (RM), Kinara (K) and Seller on the market (SM). The researcher also uses symbol '(M...)' in every data to identify minute on which the conversation takes time in the scene of the movie.
The second step is data display. The separated data is analyzed based on the theory of the types of language disorder. Then classifying the data for expressive language disorder or receptive language disorder. After finding out the types of language disorder of every data, then explain the symptoms and the occurrences of symptoms shown in each type of language disorders.

Result and Analysis
There are 14 data which taken from utterances and behavior of Banyu Anggoro as the main character in 'Dancing in the Rain' movie. The data are divided into data 1, data 2, until data 14 based on each type and symptoms as shown the following table 1.  ... (Radin... wicked... wicked... wicked...

Radin...) (repeated many times)
This conversation is the continuation of the conversation on data 11. Seeing Radin came, Banyu tried to say that his mother was wicked because he thought that Radin would protect him like before but he has difficulty expressing it. He could not explain what his mother did to him. He shows that he has difficulty 'coming to the point' what he is trying to say. Banyu just said a word 'jahat' spontaneously without explaining the spesific meanings. Seeing from the context of conversation above, the word 'jahat' refers to Radin's mother, it indicates to explain that Radin's mother had just scolded and yelled at him. The situation also exhibited that Banyu had limited vocabulary and word-finding difficulties to explain what actually happened clearly. The explanation above indicates that the main character experienced expressive language disorder. The symptoms shown is over-reliance on stock phrase.

Analysis
In this part, the researcher shows the identification aspect after the data classification is presented above. There are two research questions that must be answered in this discussion. The first is what types of language disorder experienced by the main character in "Dancing in the Rain" movie, the second is what symptoms shown in each type of language disorders experienced by the main character in "Dancing in the Rain" movie.

Types of Language Disorder
There are 14 data that classified in research finding, all data shown were taken from several scenes starting from the main character's childhood to adulthood. The childhood of the main character was shown in data 1data 9 while the adulthood was shown in data 10data 14.
The result of data analysis in research finding shows that Banyu Anggoro as the autistic character experienced two types of language disorder. Those are receptive language disorder and expressive language disorder.

Receptive Language Disorder
The first type of language disorder found in this research is receptive language disorder. This type shows that the main character has difficulty in understanding and comprehending language.
It happens when others try to interact and communicate to the main character.
From the 14 data explained, there are 6 data which shows that the main character experienced the receptive language disorder. The 6 data mentioned is indicated in data 1, data 2, data 3, data 6, data 8, and data 11. All of the data which is categorized as the receptive language disorder is indicated from the behavior of the main character such as not responding to what the interlocutors said.

Expressive Language Disorder
The second type of language disorder found in this research is expressive language disorder.
This type shows that the main character has difficulty in producing and conveying language. It happens when the main character wants to express language to others.
From the 14 data explained in research finding, there are 8 data which shows that the main character experienced the expressive language disorder. The 8 data mentioned is indicated in data 4, data 5, data 7, data 9, data 10, data 12, data 13 and data 14. All of the data which is categorized as expressive language disorder is indicated from the utterances of the main character such as mentioning one word to explain everything to the interlocutors.

Symptoms of Language Disorder
The result of this research shows that Banyu Anggoro as the autistic character experienced receptive language disorder and expressive language disorder. From the 14 data analyzed, both type of language disorders shows 27 symptoms. 10 symptoms belong to receptive language disorder and 17 symptoms belong to expressive language disorder. All of symptoms are exhibited with different frequencies..

Symptoms of Receptive Language Disorder
According to Carroll cited in Suherman (2015: 18-21), symptoms of receptive language disorder consist of 6 symptoms: not appearing to listen, difficulty following verbal directions, limited vocabulary, difficulty understanding complex sentences, difficulty interpreting words or phrases, and demonstrating lack of interest.
After analyzing the data, all of symptoms of receptive language disorder above were portrayed by the main character. From the 6 data that shows receptive language disorder, there are 10 symptoms which identified. However, all symptoms were portrayed with different frequency.
The most common symptom found of the main character is 'not appearing to listen' with 4 frequencies. The main character is often found not paying attention to what others say to him.
The second common symptom is 'difficulty following verbal directions', it occurs twice.
Meanwhile, other symptoms occur only once, which are; limited vocabulary, difficulty understanding complex sentences, difficulty interpreting words or phrases, and demonstrating lack of interest.

Symptoms of Expressive Language Disorder
According to Carroll cited in Suherman (2015: 18-21), symptoms of an expressive language disorder consist of 5 symptoms: word-finding difficulties, limited vocabulary, overuse of nonspecific words, over reliance on stock phrases , and difficulty "coming to the point" of what they are trying to say.
After analyzing the data, not all symptoms of expressive language disorder above were portrayed by the main character. One symptom which was not portrayed by the autistic  ' Film (1988). The research aims to find out the types of language disorder and to find out the dominant type of language disorders found in autistic savant portrayed in Levinson's Rain Man film. The result shows that the type of expressive language disorder was obtained with the occurrence percentage of 67.7% while the receptive language disorder type was obtained by the occurrence percentage of 32.3%. Therefore, expressive language disorder also became the dominant type of language disorders experienced by the main character.
In expressive language disorder, the symptom limited vocabulary became dominant symptom shown by the main character, it also happened in this research. The difference is that in this research there are two symptoms that have the same occurrences and become the dominant symptom of expressive language disorder, which are word-finding difficulties and limited vocabulary.
In receptive language disorder, the symptom difficulty understanding what other people say was mostly found in the main character. Meanwhile, the symptom which became the dominant in this research is not appearing to listen. However, it shows that the autistic people have different ways in expressing and understanding the language they want to deliver.

Conclusion
Based on the analysis of the result and discussion, it can be concluded that the two types of language disorder: expressive language disorder and receptive language disorder were experienced by Banyu Anggoro as the main character. Among these two types, expressive language disorder became the most dominant type of language disorder portrayed in 'Dancing in the Rain' movie.
Each type of language disoder showed some different symptoms with varying occurances.
There are 6 symptoms of receptive language disorder, which are: not appearing to listen, difficulty following verbal directions, limited vocabulary, difficulty understanding complex sentences, difficulty interpreting words or phrases, and demonstrating lack of interest.The symptom which shows the higher occurrences is not appearing to listen. In expressive language disorder, there 4 symptoms experienced by the main character, which are: word-finding difficulties, limited vocabulary, over reliance on stock phrases , and difficulty "coming to the point" of what they are trying to say. Two symptoms that shows high occurrences are wordfinding difficulties and limited vocabulary. Meanwhile, One symptom which was not portrayed by the autistic character was overuse of non-specific words.