https://talenta.usu.ac.id/nlr <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Neoclassical Legal Review: Journal of Law and Contemporary Issues</strong> is open access, a double-blind peer-reviewed legal journal (ISSN Online 2964-4011). Neoclassical Legal Review: Journal of Law and Contemporary Issues published biannually by Master Program in Law Studies, the Faculty of Law, Universitas Sumatera Utara on <strong>April</strong> &amp; <strong>October</strong>. All papers submitted to this journal should be written in English or Indonesian.<br />The aims of this journal are to provide a venue for academicians, researchers and practitioners for publishing (Research and Review Article) and Book Review. This journal is available in online version. Focus and Scope of this journal are concerning (but are not limited to): Criminal Law, economic Law, Civil Law, Constitutional and Administrative Law, International Law, Human Rights and legal contemporary issues.</p> Talenta Publisher en-US Neoclassical Legal Review: Journal of Law and Contemporary Issues 2964-4011 https://talenta.usu.ac.id/nlr/article/view/20658 <p>The reformulation of criminal liability in the New Criminal Code through Articles 38 and 39 demonstrates the commitment of the Indonesian criminal law system to accommodate the principle of inclusive justice for persons with mental and/or intellectual disabilities. This article discusses the elimination and reduction of punishment for perpetrators with disabilities from a normative perspective, as well as the challenges of its implementation at the practical level. In the old Criminal Code, Article 44 only provides general criminal exemptions without procedural clarity and alternative measures. The 2023 Criminal Code, which will enter into force in 2026, changes this approach by distinguishing between offenders who are still able to understand the consequences of their actions (subject to punishment with reduction or alternative measures) and offenders who are in an acute state and unable to understand (subject to measures without punishment). This article uses a normative juridical approach and is supported by limited empirical juridical analysis to examine the effectiveness and challenges of this new provision. The results of the study show that Articles 38 and 39 have shifted the paradigm of punishment from retributive to humanistic, but their implementation still faces obstacles, especially regarding technical guidelines for assessing mental capacity, expert involvement, and potential treatment disparities. Therefore, a lex specialis is needed to support the general provisions so that they can be operationalized effectively, fairly, and non-discriminatively against persons with disabilities in the criminal law process.</p> M. Ghufron Fazacholil Yusuf Saefudin Copyright (c) 2025 M. Ghufron Fazacholil, Yusuf Saefudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-09-19 2025-09-19 4 2 52 59 10.32734/nlrjolci.v4i2.20658 https://talenta.usu.ac.id/nlr/article/view/19536 <p>Pada tahun 2023, kedatangan pengungsi Rohingya dalam jumlah besar di Aceh menjadi isu krusial yang menyoroti kompleksitas permasalahan kemanusiaan. Pengungsi ini melarikan diri dari situasi yang tidak kondusif di negara asal mereka untuk mencari perlindungan. Namun, respons yang beragam dari masyarakat lokal di Aceh telah menciptakan hambatan signifikan dalam penyediaan bantuan dan akses terhadap tempat tinggal yang layak bagi mereka. Kondisi ini memperlihatkan adanya ketegangan antara kebutuhan mendesak para pengungsi dan penerimaan di tingkat lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap pengungsi Rohingya di Indonesia dalam kerangka hukum internasional dan nasional, serta mengevaluasi efektivitas kebijakan yang ada. Pendekatan kajian pustaka digunakan untuk menelaah berbagai literatur, dokumen hukum, dan peraturan yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memegang prinsip <em>non-refoulement</em>, yaitu tidak mengusir pengungsi kembali ke tempat yang mengancam keselamatan mereka. Dasar hukum perlindungan ini sebagian besar berlandaskan pada Peraturan Presiden Nomor 125 Tahun 2016 tentang Penanganan Pengungsi dari Luar Negeri. Meskipun peraturan ini menjadi landasan formal, implementasinya di lapangan, khususnya di Aceh, masih menghadapi banyak tantangan. Tantangan ini berkaitan dengan koordinasi antar lembaga dan kapasitas pemerintah daerah. Selain itu, peran lembaga pemerintah daerah dan organisasi internasional juga vital dalam memberikan bantuan, meskipun upaya tersebut masih belum mampu mengatasi seluruh masalah secara menyeluruh.</p> Leonny Rachel Aprillia Sirait Sutiarnoto Jelly Leviza Copyright (c) 2025 Leonny Rachel Aprillia Sirait, Sutiarnoto, Jelly Leviza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 2025-09-19 2025-09-19 4 2 60 67 10.32734/nlrjolci.v4i2.19536