SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal
type: channel
description: SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal is a medical student scientific journal from SCORE PEMA FK USU (Standing Committee on Research Exchange of Student Government Faculty of Medicine, University of North Sumatra). SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal is one of the SCORE PEMA FK USU icons that works together with many reviewers to support the quality and validity of a manuscript. Initially, in 2009, SCORE PEMA FK USU formed a medical student journal with the name of JIMKI (Indonesian Medical Student Scientific Journal). Then for some reason, the management of JIMKI has been moved to BAPIN-ISMKI authority (National Scientific Analysis and Development Agency-Indonesian Medical Student Senate Association). Subsequently, in 2011 a new journal was formed with the name of SCRIPTA by SCORE PEMA FK USU. Since 2016 until now, the SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal was published in 1 volume with 2 numbers every year in February and August that can be accessed here. SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal consists of 6-12 manuscripts with types of manuscripts such as research articles, review articles, and case reports in each volume. Publications from the SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal can be accessed offline (pISSN 2088-8686) on printed SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal magazine or online (eISSN 2686-0864) through the SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal (https://talenta.usu.ac.id/scripta) Journal title SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal Abbreviation SCRIPTA SCORE Sci Med J Initial SCRIPTA Frequency 2 (two) issues per year ISSN (Print) 2088-8686 ISSN (Online) 2686-0864 Digital Object Identifier (DOI) 10.32734 (Member of Crossref) Editor-in-Chief Juliandi Harahap Managing Editor Rina Amelia and Nenni Dwi Aprianti Lubis Publisher TALENTA Publisher, Universitas Sumatera Utara Citation Analysis Google Scholar Visitor Analysis Visitor Statistics (Sponsored by StatCounter)
publisher: Talenta Publisher
language: en-US
publication name: SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal
issn: 2088-8686
copyright: Authors who publish with SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication in SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal. Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work non-commercially (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal.
items: Front & Back Matter
items: Case Description of Juvenile Criminal Offenses at Tanjung Gusta Medan Penitentiary in 2024
items: Comparative Effectiveness of Feasible Myopia Control Interventions for Children in Indonesia
items: Description of the Knowledge Level on Seborrheic Dermatitis Among Medical Students at Universitas Sumatera Utara, Class of 2021 - 2023
items: Exploration of Moringa Oleifera and Curcuma Longa Compounds as Multi-Target Agents for Alzheimer’s Disease Through Bioinformatics Analysis
items: Gambaran Penderita Kanker Payudara Di Bawah Usia 40 Tahun di RSHAM Tahun 2020-2023
items: Incidence of Communicable and Non-Communicable Disease for Small Island Communities/Developing States
items: Relationship of Histopathological Grading and Age of HER2-type Breast Cancer Patients at Adam Malik Hospital in January 2022 – June 2024
items: Peran Telemedisin sebagai Sarana Menurunkan Angka Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 Varian Omicron di Indonesia
items: Potensi Sonotrombolisis Berbasis Ultrasound dan Microbubbles sebagai Strategi Teknologi Terapeutik untuk Mengurangi Mortalitas pada Penyakit Infark Miokard
items: Review the Potential of Ketogenic Diet and Vitamin B12 Encapsulated Lipid Nanoparticles in Mitochondrial Regulation to Alzheimer's Disease
items: Still Standing Strong: A Narrative Review of Why BCG Remains Central to Global Tuberculosis Control
items: The Diminishing Role of Skull X-Rays in Trauma Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
items: The Efficacy and Safety of Tamsulosin and Tadalafil Combination Therapy Compared with Tadalafil Alone for Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Front & Back Matter
type: item
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1

Case Description of Juvenile Criminal Offenses at Tanjung Gusta Medan Penitentiary in 2024
type: item
description: Background: Juvenile crime is a critical issue, particularly as children are the nation's future. This study examines the profiles and types of crimes committed by juvenile inmates at the Tanjung Gusta Penitentiary, Medan, in 2024. Methods: Using a descriptive observational approach, data were collected from legal documents and administrative records of 50 juvenile inmates with final court decisions. Results: Results showed that all inmates were male, aged 14–19 years, with education levels ranging from elementary to high school. Sexual violence was the most prevalent offense (52%), followed by theft, narcotics distribution, and assault. Sentences ranged from less than one year to a maximum of ten years, with most inmates receiving 1–3 years. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address socio-economic and educational factors contributing to juvenile delinquency. Further studies and policy enhancements are recommended to prevent juvenile crimes and support their rehabilitation. Keyword: Juvenile Crime, Penitentiary, Tanjung Gusta, Rehabilitation, Youth Offenders Latar Belakang: Kejahatan anak merupakan masalah yang sangat penting, terutama karena anak-anak adalah masa depan bangsa. Studi ini mengkaji profil dan jenis kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh narapidana anak di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Tanjung Gusta, Medan, pada tahun 2024. Metode: Dengan menggunakan pendekatan observasional deskriptif, data dikumpulkan dari dokumen hukum dan catatan administratif 50 narapidana anak yang telah memiliki putusan pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua narapidana berjenis kelamin laki-laki, berusia 14-19 tahun, dengan tingkat pendidikan mulai dari SD hingga SMA. Kekerasan seksual adalah pelanggaran yang paling banyak dilakukan (52%), diikuti oleh pencurian, peredaran narkotika, dan penganiayaan. Hukuman berkisar dari kurang dari satu tahun hingga maksimal sepuluh tahun, dengan sebagian besar narapid…
creator: Asan Petrus
creator: Ahmad Danial Hakim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Asan Petrus, Ahmad Danial Hakim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 106
ending page: 111
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v7i1.20592

Comparative Effectiveness of Feasible Myopia Control Interventions for Children in Indonesia
type: item
description: Background: : Myopia in children is a growing public health concern in Indonesia, leading to long-term visual impairment and economic burden. Early intervention is crucial, yet no study has comprehensively compared axial length (AL) changes among feasible interventions for Indonesian children. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of feasible myopia control strategies for children in Indonesia using a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA), focusing on AL changes. Methods: Following the PRISMA-NMA guideline, systematic searches up to 8 April 2025 were carried out in four online databases, including Europe PMC, PubMed, Sage Journals, and Wiley. Randomized studies measuring the AL of different myopia control interventions to placebo or each other were included. A total of 1266 titles and abstracts were screened, and 18 studies were included in the analysis. A Bayesian NMA was conducted using the “gemtc” package in RStudio, with mean difference (MD) and 95% credible interval (CrI) as summary measures. Results: Eighteen randomized studies involving 2145 children were included. The combination of low-dose atropine 0.01% and orthokeratology (ACO) showed the most effective reduction in axial elongation (SUCRA: 0.078). SVS alone ranked lowest in effectiveness (SUCRA: 0.9986). ACO consistently outperformed monotherapies and control interventions in slowing myopia progression. Conclusion: ACO is the most effective intervention for controlling myopia progression in children and holds promising applicability in Indonesia. These findings support its recommendation in clinical and public health settings, though further research involving Indonesian populations and safety outcomes is warranted. Keyword: Axial length, control interventions, efficacy, myopia progression, network meta-analysis Latar Belakang: Miopia pada anak-anak merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang terus berkembang dan semakin mengkhawatirkan di Indonesia, karena menyeba…
creator: Sabrina Brigitta Valerie Setiono
creator: Richella Miranda Wynne Setiono
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sabrina Brigitta Valerie Setiono, Richella Miranda Wynne Setiono https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 1
ending page: 20
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v7i1.21206

Description of the Knowledge Level on Seborrheic Dermatitis Among Medical Students at Universitas Sumatera Utara, Class of 2021 - 2023
type: item
description: Background: Seborrheic Dermatitis (SD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease that commonly affects adolescents and adults, with a relatively high prevalence, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. SD has a multifactorial pathophysiology, involving Malassezia spp., skin surface lipids, and immunological dysregulation. This condition can significantly impact patients'quality of life due to frequent relapses, causing symptoms such as itching and redness. Therefore, prompt treatment with various available topical therapies is crucial. Objectives: This study aims to assess the level of knowledge about SD among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, from the class of 2021 – 2023. Methods: This is a descriptive study using a cross-sectional design, employing a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms and QR codes to students from the specified batches. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. Results: The results showed that most students had a moderate level of knowledge about SD (50%). A total of 150 respondents (57.7%) had a sufficient understanding of SD treatment options. The majority of respondents were female students, with 176 responses. The age group of 17 to 20 years dominated the sample, accounting for approximately 46.2%. The highest number of respondents came from the 2021 cohort (67.3%). Conclusion: This study concludes that medical students at Universitas Sumatera Utara have a moderate level of knowledge regarding SD and its treatment options. These findings highlight the importance of further education and awareness to enhance students' understanding of the condition. Keyword: level of knowledge, seborrheic dermatitis, treatment selection Latar Belakang: Dermatitis seboroik (DS) adalah penyakit inflamasi kulit kronis dan rekuren yang sering terjadi pada remaja dan dewasa, dengan prevalensi yang cukup tinggi, terutama pada individu dengan kondisi imunokompromais. DS memiliki patofis…
creator: Nova Zairina Lubis
creator: Hanan Qoni'ah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nova Zairina Lubis, Hanan Qoni'ah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 21
ending page: 25
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v7i1.21122

Exploration of Moringa Oleifera and Curcuma Longa Compounds as Multi-Target Agents for Alzheimer’s Disease Through Bioinformatics Analysis
type: item
description: Background: Alzheimer’s disease is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder. Current synthetic inhibitors often fail to address its complexity. Natural multitarget agents like Moringa oleifera and Curcuma longa may offer safer alternatives. Objective: This study aims to systematically evaluate the bioactive compounds of Moringa oleifera and Curcuma longa as potential multi-target agents against AD using molecular docking, ADME profiling, and toxicity prediction. Methods: This in silico study targeted five Alzheimer-related proteins (BACE1, GSK-3β, AChE, Tau, PKR) retrieved from the PDB and prepared using AutoDock Tools. LC-MS compounds were modeled with Biovia Discovery Studio and docked via PyRx. Toxicity was evaluated using ProTox-3.0. Results: The top 10 compounds showed binding affinities from –7.3 to –10.2 kcal/mol and were “inactive” for hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and cytotoxicity. Turmeric compounds were also non-mutagenic and non-carcinogenic. Conclusion: Moringa oleifera and Curcuma longa demonstrate promising multitarget activity with a favorable safety profile. Bioinformatics enables efficient early screening. Keyword: Alzheimer’s disease, Curcuma longa, Moringa oleifera, multitarget, molecular docking. Latar Belakang: Alzheimer merupakan gangguan neurodegeneratif multifaktorial. Inhibitor sintetik saat ini dinilai belum mampu mengatasi kompleksitasnya. Senyawa multitarget alami seperti Moringa oleifera dan Curcuma longa berpotensi lebih aman. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi secara sistematis senyawa bioaktif Moringa oleifera dan Curcuma longa sebagai agen multi-target potensial terhadap AD menggunakan docking molekuler, profil ADME, dan prediksi toksisitas. Metode: Studi in silico ini menargetkan lima protein Alzheimer (BACE1, GSK-3β, AChE, Tau, PKR) dari PDB yang diproses di AutoDock Tools. Senyawa LC-MS dimodelkan di Biovia Studio dan didocking menggunakan PyRx. Toksisitas dievaluasi via ProTox-3.0. Hasil: Sepuluh senyawa ter…
creator: Shakira
creator: Meutia Maulina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shakira, Meutia Maulina https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 26
ending page: 35
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v7i1.21326

Gambaran Penderita Kanker Payudara Di Bawah Usia 40 Tahun di RSHAM Tahun 2020-2023
type: item
description: Background: Based on Globocan data in 2020, there were 68,858 new cases of breast cancer, which accounted for about 16.6% of the 396,914 total new cancer cases in Indonesia. The high incidence of breast cancer in Indonesia is not always accompanied by a complete histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Breast cancer is rare under the age of 40 and women diagnosed with breast cancer under the age of 40 will have a poor prognosis, more aggressive cancer, high malignancy and high mortality rates. Objective: To find out the description of breast cancer patients under the age of 40 at RSHAM in 2020-2023. Method: The research is a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The sample of this study is breast cancer patients under the age of 40 at RSHAM in 2020-2023 with total sampling technique. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the most common histopathological type is IDC as many as 34 patients (97.1%). The most immunohistochemical sub-type is luminal B as many as 16 patients (45.7%). The highest BMI is normal as many as 27 patients (77.1%). There is no family history of cancer in 35 patients (100%). The most common cancer stage was stage IV with 17 patients (48.6%) and stage IIIB with 14 patients (40%). The most histological grade is histological grade 2 as many as 19 patients (54.3%). Conclusion: The description of breast cancer patients under the age of 40 at RSHAM in 2020-2023 is the IDC histopathological type, luminal B immunohistochemical sub-type, normal BMI, no family history, stage IV, and histological grade 2. Keywords: Histopathological, Immunohistochemical, Breast Cancer, IDC Latar belakang: Berdasarkan data Globocan tahun 2020, terdapat 68.858 kasus baru kanker payudara, yang menyumbang sekitar 16,6% dari 396.914 total kasus kanker baru di Indonesia. Tingginya kejadian kanker payudara di Indonesia tidak selalu disertai dengan pemeriksaan histopatologi dan imunohistokimia yang lengkap. Kanker payudara jarang terjadi dibawah 4…
creator: Rivan Yudha Rambe
creator: Feby Yanti Harahap
creator: Syamsul Bihar
creator: Yoan Carolina Panggabean
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rivan Yudha Rambe, Feby Yanti Harahap, Syamsul Bihar, Yoan Carolina Panggabean https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 36
ending page: 41
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v7i1.20789

Incidence of Communicable and Non-Communicable Disease for Small Island Communities/Developing States
type: item
description: Background: Small Island Communities (SIDS) are remote, vulnerable areas with unique challenges like weather changes, limited healthcare access, and limited epidemiological data. Studies on diseases like obesity and depression are limited, and a systematic review is needed to assess current incidence and risk in these communities. Methods: A Systematic review was conducting using search engines. Keywords utilized such as: “Small Island Community [MeSH] OR Small Island Developing States [MeSH]” AND “Incidence OR Prevalence OR Disease”. Each author conducted an independent analysis of each paper based on its title, abstract, and applicability for the PEOS framework. JBI critical appraisal techniques were used to assess the risk of bias in all included research. Results: 18 publications from different nations, such as Indonesia, Jamaica, Solomon Island, and others, were included in the 404.795 articles. All writers then synthesized the articles, which were then examined using JBI. The prevalence of communicable disease infected 99% of community including worm infections, conjunctivitis, malaria, and COVID-19 is particularly high in small island settings in nations like Indonesia, Jamaica, Vanuatu, the Solomon Islands, and Fiji. Risk is enhanced by factors including socioeconomic status and educational attainment. Analysis for non-communicable illnesses affected 27% of community include lung cancer, stress, obesity, stunting, depression, and hypertension. JBI score for all included is 75%, considered moderate risk of bias. Conclusions: Small Island communities face diverse diseases, requiring research and tailored solutions due to economic, environmental, and socio-cultural factors. Keyword: Communicable Disease, Meta-Analysis, Non-Communicable Disease, Small Island Community Latar Belakang: Komunitas Pulau Kecil adalah daerah terpencil dan rentan dengan tantangan yang unik seperti perubahan cuaca, akses layanan kesehatan yang terbatas, dan kurangnya penelitian. Penelit…
creator: Arya Marganda Simanjuntak
creator: Stevany Risdewanty Ruthcinthamy
creator: Agnes Ivana Girsang
creator: Suyanto
creator: Yusdiana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Arya Marganda Simanjuntak, Stevany Risdewanty Ruthcinthamy, Agnes Ivana Girsang, Suyanto, Yusdiana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 42
ending page: 49
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v7i1.20393

Relationship of Histopathological Grading and Age of HER2-type Breast Cancer Patients at Adam Malik Hospital in January 2022 – June 2024
type: item
description: Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers that can cause death in Indonesia. Nottingham grading (grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3) in histopathological examination aims to assess tumor activity and prognosis. Other examination includes immunohistochemistry of biomarkers such as estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and HER2 receptors. Breast cancer based on its molecular subtypes is classified into luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and triple-negative. HER2-type breast cancer tends to be more invasive with a poor prognosis and susceptible to recurrence and metastasis. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between histopathological grading and age of patients with HER2-type breast cancer. Methods: This is a non-experimental analytical research with cross-sectional approach using the total sampling technique. Secondary data were taken from medical records of breast cancer inpatients at Adam Malik Hospital (January 2022 - June 2024) and analysed using Fisher’s exact test. There were 492 inpatient cases of breast cancer, of which 195 were performed an immunohistochemistry examination and 61 cases were HER2-type. The study sample included 54 patients with fulfilled inclusion criteria. Results: HER2-type breast cancer identified was 31,3%. The most frequent characteristics included female, age ≥45 years, obese nutritional status, and no family history. Poorly differentiated tumors were the most common (38,9%). Result of Fisher’s exact test showed p=0,044 (p<0,05) and OR=0,134. Conclusion:There is a relationship between histopathological grading and age of patients with HER2-type breast cancer. Keyword: breast cancer, HER2, histopathological grading, immunochemistry, molecular subtypes Pendahuluan: Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu jenis kanker yang dapat menyebabkan kematian dan paling sering terjadi di Indonesia. Pemeriksaan histopatologi perlu dilakukan untuk menilai aktivitas tumor dan prognosis. Pemeriksaan lainnya meliputi pemeriksaan imun…
creator: Giselle Iona Rachel Tuelah
creator: Heny Syahrini Lubis
creator: Lita Feriyawati
creator: Feby Yanti Harahap
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Giselle Iona Rachel Tuelah, Heny Syahrini Lubis, Lita Feriyawati, Feby Yanti Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 50
ending page: 56
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v7i1.20761

Peran Telemedisin sebagai Sarana Menurunkan Angka Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 Varian Omicron di Indonesia
type: item
description: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the Omicron variant era, has brought major changes to the daily lives of the global community, including policies such as work-from-home (WFH) and limiting social access, and straightforward health services. The combination of prolonged social distancing and chronic psychological stress contributes to the increasing prevalence and worsening of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Objectives: This research explores the potential role of telemedicine as an interprofessional collaboration platform to support the diagnosis and management of OCD during the Omicron COVID-19 wave in Indonesia. Methods: This research uses a literature review method with the keywords "COVID-19 Omicron variant", "OCD", "COVID-19 pandemic", and "Telemedicine". The effectiveness, feasibility, and user satisfaction of telemedicine services were evaluated, especially concerning OCD management during the pandemic. Discussion: Telemedicine has become an easily accessible, cost-efficient, and widely accessible alternative to medical consultations, replacing conventional face-to-face meetings. Various research findings show that this approach is equivalent in effectiveness to conventional therapy in treating OCD, including the application of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy via long-distance methods. Survey results show high levels of satisfaction across various age groups. Furthermore, telemedicine plays a role in encouraging inter-professional collaboration by integrating various health workers such as psychiatrists, psychologists, nutritionists, religious leaders, pharmacists, and nurses into an integrated and coordinated service model. However, the optimal use of telemedicine still faces challenges, including low public awareness, limited digital literacy, and uneven supporting infrastructure. Conclusion: Telemedicine has shown significant potential as a multidisciplinary healthcare platform in the treatment of OCD, especially in pandemic restrictions.…
creator: Fauzan Azmi Hasti Habibi Samosir
creator: Jeremia Aris Pandapotan Panjaitan
creator: Kathy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fauzan Azmi Hasti Habibi Samosir, Jeremia Aris Pandapotan Panjaitan, Kathy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 57
ending page: 61
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v7i1.21162

Potensi Sonotrombolisis Berbasis Ultrasound dan Microbubbles sebagai Strategi Teknologi Terapeutik untuk Mengurangi Mortalitas pada Penyakit Infark Miokard
type: item
description: ABSTRACT Background: The main treatment for patients with coronary artery occlusion is thrombolysis or PCI (Percutaneous intervention). Thrombolytic agents and PCI are used for reperfusion therapy of myocardial infarction patients, but their use has not been effective. Sonothrombolysis is a new method investigated by utilizing ultrasound and microbubbles. The concept of sonotrombolysis could be a potential new adjunctive therapy in treating myocardial infarction. Objective: This study reviews the potential of sonotrombolysis as a therapy for myocardial infarction and future optimization in its application. Methods: A literature review method was used to analyze relevant references. The authors used journals from Google Scholar, NCBI, ResearchGate, ClinicalKey, and AHA Journal. Results: Sonotrombolysis uses ultrasound and microbubbles, microbubbles can infiltrate the thrombus and destabilize the thrombus after ultrasound activation so that it can improve blood flow. Various studies that have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of sonotrombolysis state that sonotrombolysis improves angiographic recanalization and microvascular perfusion in patients with myocardial infarction and the use of microbubbles under the influence of ultrasound accelerates thrombus breakdown. The combination of sonotrombolysis with PCI was shown to improve recanalization, and LVEF, and reduce the size of myocardial infarction. Optimization of the future use of sonothrombolysis as thrombus destruction can be done with the use of targeted microbubble contrast agents, dual-frequency HIFU, and its portable application in an ambulance. Conclusion: Sonotrombolysis using ultrasound and microbubbles is effective in thrombus destruction in myocardial infarction disease. Keywords: Microbubbles, myocardial infarction, PCI, sonothrombolysis, ultrasound. Latar Belakang: Penanganan utama pada pasien dengan oklusi arteri koroner adalah dengan trombolisis atau PCI (Percutaneous intervention). Agen trom…
creator: Muhammad Rizky Hidayatullah
creator: Sarah
creator: Yosafat Beltsazar Hutabarat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Rizky Hidayatullah, Sarah, Yosafat Beltsazar Hutabarat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 62
ending page: 70
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v7i1.20537

Review the Potential of Ketogenic Diet and Vitamin B12 Encapsulated Lipid Nanoparticles in Mitochondrial Regulation to Alzheimer's Disease
type: item
description: Background: Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of chronic neurodegenerative syndrome characterized by a decline in two to three major cognitive functions, thus significantly reducing the quality of life of sufferers and their families and this disease has no treatment if it has reached a certain stage and even ends in death. Therefore, preventive approaches are the main focus in the development of alternative therapies, one of which is through modifying dietary patterns that are relevant to daily life. Objectives: This literature review aims to analyze the synergistic potential between ketogenic diet and vitamin B12 supplementation encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles in regulating mitochondrial function and inhibiting Alzheimer's disease progression through modulating α-synuclein and amyloid cascade. Methods: The review was conducted with a descriptive approach through an online database search conducted by three authors applying inclusion and exclusion criteria resulting in 69 suitable articles. Result: The analyzed studies showed that both ketogenic diet and vitamin B12 supplementation have significant effects on mitochondrial regulation and protection of neurons from oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. These interventions also contribute to the modulation of α-synuclein and inhibition of amyloid-beta accumulation, both in preclinical and clinical studies. In addition, the application of lipid nanoparticles improves the biocompatibility and avability of vitamin B12 to reach therapeutic targets. Conclusion: the combination of a ketogenic diet and lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated vitamin B12 shows potential as an effective preventive approach to Alzheimer's disease. This study is expected to enrich insights and encourage further clinical research, especially in assessing the long-term effectiveness and potential toxicity of this combination intervention. Keyword: alpha synuclein, Alzheimer's disease, beta amyloid, lipid nanoparticles, vitamin B12 Lata…
creator: Reka Febriani
creator: Jaelia Leunufna
creator: Nur Ananta Aprilia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Reka Febriani, Jaelia Leunufna, Nur Ananta Aprilia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 71
ending page: 82
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v7i1.20655

Still Standing Strong: A Narrative Review of Why BCG Remains Central to Global Tuberculosis Control
type: item
description: Background: Tuberculosis is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the world. However, the BCG vaccine has shown significant results and remains in use to this day. Objective: This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the resilience of the BCG vaccine over more than a century, as well as its implications for future vaccination strategies. Methods: A narrative review approach was used, employing keywords such as “BCG vaccine,” “tuberculosis immunization,” “trained immunity,” “TB vaccine pipeline,” and “MTBVAC,” “M72/AS01E,” “VPM1002” in databases such as PubMed and Scopus. Conclusion: Considering all scientific, clinical, socio-economic, and systemic factors, it can be concluded that to date, no new TB vaccine candidate has a comprehensive profile that significantly surpasses BCG. Therefore, BCG remains the most viable and reliable intervention in the context of global TB prevention, at least until new vaccines with high efficacy, long-term safety, and readiness for global implementation are successfully developed and thoroughly validated. Keywords: BCG Vaccine, Tuberculosis Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis merupakan sakah satu penyakit infeksi yang mematikan di dunia. Namun, vaksin BCG menunjukan hasil signifikan sehingga masih bertahan sampai saat ini. Tujuan: Tinjauan ini bertujuan memberikan perspektif yang komprehensif mengenai ketahanan vaksin BCG selama lebih dari satu abad, serta implikasinya terhadap strategi vaksinasi di masa depan. Metode: Pendekatan tinjauan naratif digunakan, dengan menggunakan kata kunci seperti “BCG vaccine,” “tuberculosis immunization,” “trained immunity,” “TB vaccine pipeline,” and “MTBVAC,” “M72/AS01E,” “VPM1002” di beberapa basis data seperti PubMed dan Scopus. Kesimpulan: Dengan mempertimbangkan semua faktor ilmiah, klinis, sosial-ekonomi, dan sistemik, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hingga saat ini belum ada kandidat vaksin TB baru yang memiliki profil komprehensif yang secara signifikan melampaui BCG. Oleh karena itu,…
creator: Ardaniel Euprasia Simarmata
creator: Paul Behring Manurung
creator: Andre Marolop Pangihutan Siahaan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ardaniel Euprasia Simarmata, Paul Behring Manurung, Andre Marolop Pangihutan Siahaan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 83
ending page: 89
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v7i1.21197

The Diminishing Role of Skull X-Rays in Trauma Brain Injury: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature
type: item
description: Background: Skull X-rays have long been utilized in the evaluation and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) primarily for the identification of cranial fractures. However, their role has been challenged by the introduction of advanced neuroimaging techniques. Objectives: This review aims to explore the current significance of skull X-rays in the treatment of TBI, considering the advancements in neuroimaging, especially CT Scan. Methods: A narrative review approach was used, including a comprehensive computerized literature search with MeSH-based keywords “Traumatic Brain Injury” and “Skull X-Ray” across several reputable databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. The search spanned the years 2000 to 2025 and aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of skull radiography in TBI, focusing specifically on different age groups, specifically those under and over 2 years of age. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that skull X-rays have limited sensitivity in detecting intracranial injuries, which are the primary concern in cases of TBI. Therefore, clinical judgment should guide the decision to pursue CT imaging instead of relying solely on skull X-rays. The routine use of skull X-rays in managing TBI is thus discouraged because of their limited diagnostic capabilities and the potential risk of delaying timely and appropriate medical intervention. Keywords: Skull X-rays, Traumatic Brain Injury. Latar Belakang: Rontgen tengkorak telah lama digunakan dalam evaluasi dan manajemen cedera otak traumatis terutama untuk identifikasi fraktur kranial. Namun, peran rontgen tengkorak telah dipertanyakan oleh karena adanya teknik neuroimaging yang lebih canggih. Tujuan: Tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi relevansi kontemporer dari rontgen tengkorak dalam manajemen cedera kepala traumatis, dengan mempertimbangkan kemajuan dalam neuroimaging, khususnya CT Scan. Metode: Pendekatan tinjauan naratif digunakan, dengan melibatkan pencarian literatur komputerisasi …
creator: Samuel Panjaitan
creator: Salsabila Pandiya
creator: Syafira Syafridon
creator: Andre Marolop Pangihutan Siahaan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Samuel Panjaitan, Salsabila Pandiya, Syafira Syafridon, Andre Marolop Pangihutan Siahaan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 90
ending page: 95
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v7i1.20715

The Efficacy and Safety of Tamsulosin and Tadalafil Combination Therapy Compared with Tadalafil Alone for Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
type: item
description: Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common urologic condition in aging men that often manifests as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Pharmacological management includes α1-adrenoceptor blockers like tamsulosin and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) like tadalafil. Recent studies suggest combination therapy may offer greater symptom relief. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with tamsulosin and tadalafil versus tadalafil monotherapy in patients with BPH-related LUTS. Methods: This literature review included randomized controlled trials and prospective studies published between 2008 and 2022. Databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched using relevant keywords. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were narratively analyzed. Results: Most studies showed that combination therapy was more effective than monotherapy in improving IPSS scores, Qmax, and sexual function, especially in patients with coexisting erectile dysfunction. Fixed-dose combination therapy also improved patient adherence and satisfaction. While tadalafil monotherapy remained effective, particularly in men with mild-to-moderate symptoms, its effect was less consistent in severe LUTS. Conclusion: Combination therapy of tamsulosin and tadalafil provides superior clinical benefit in managing LUTS/BPH, especially in men with concurrent ED. It is generally well tolerated, but individualized therapy based on symptom severity, prostate size, and comorbidities is essential. Keyword: benign prostatic hyperplasia, combination therapy, LUTS, tadalafil, tamsulosin Latar Belakang: Hiperplasia prostat jinak (BPH) merupakan kondisi urologis yang umum pada pria lanjut usia dan sering menyebabkan gejala saluran kemih bagian bawah (LUTS). Penatalaksanaan farmakologis meliputi penggunaan α1-adrenoceptor blocker seperti tamsulosin dan penyekat fosfodiesterase tipe 5 (PDE5-I) seperti tadalafil. Studi terbaru menunjukkan …
creator: Mochammad Haikal Alhamdi
creator: Siti Nurhijrati Hasanah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mochammad Haikal Alhamdi, Siti Nurhijrati Hasanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-08-13
publication date: 2025-08-13
volume: 7
number: 1
starting page: 96
ending page: 105
doi: 10.32734/scripta.v7i1.21200