Karakteristik Fisika Tanah Pada Beberapa Tegakan di Subdas Petani Kabupaten Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara

The Characteristics of Soil Physics for Various Standing Crops in Petani Watershed Deli Serdang Regency North Sumatera

Abstract

Penggunaan lahan di daerah hulu DAS terdiri dari kawasan hutan, pertanian, dan agroforestri. Berbagai komposisi tegakan tanaman yang berbeda–beda akan mempengaruhi kondisi tanah baik pada sifat fisika maupun kimia tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik fisika tanah pada beberapa tegakan di Sub DAS Petani. Lokasi penelitian di desa Buluh Awar, Kecamatan Sibolangit Kabupaten Deli Serdang Sumatera Utara, Laboratorium Fisika Tanah dan Laboratorium Riset dan Teknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Agustus 2015. Teknik sampling berdasarkan metode purposive sampling dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Data diolah dengan uji Anova dan uji BNT taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permeabilitas tanah tertinggi terdapat pada tegakan tanaman durian (7,310 cm/jam) dan berbeda nyata pada tanah tegakan tanaman aren (3,842 cm/jam) dan karet (4,606 cm/jam) tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan hutan (5,712 cm/jam). Tegakan hutan dan tegakan tanaman serbaguna tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kerapatan isi (bulk density), porositas tanah dan kadar air tanah.

Land use in upstraight watershed consist of forest, agriculture land and agroforestry. Different various composition of standing crops will impact soil condition in soil physics and chemichal character. This research was aims to get the characteristics of soil physics for various standing crops in Petani watershed. It was located at Buluh Awar Village Sibolangit Subdistrict Deli Serdang Regency North Sumatera, Soil Physic Laboratory, Research and Technology Laboratory Agriculture Faculty North Sumatra from March until August 2015. The sampling techniques based on purposive sampling method with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The results tested with the Anova and Least Significant Difference (HSD) test standard 5%. The results showed that the highest permeability was soil permeability’s durian plants (7,310 cm/jam) and significantly affected about sugar palm plants (3,842 cm/jam) and rubbers plants (4,606 cm/jam). But it wasn’t significantly affected about forest (5,712 cm/jam). The forest and multipurpose trees weren’t significantly affected about bulk density, porosity and water content.