Keragaan Fenotipe Berdasarkan Karakter Agronomi Pada Generasi F2 Beberapa Varietas Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merril.)

The Phenotypic Diversity Based on Agronomic Character of Soybean Varieties in the F2 Generation

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaan fenotipe berdasarkan karakter agronomi dan pewarisan maternal dari tetua betina pada persilangan resiprokal generasi F2 beberapa varietas kedelai. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan, dimulai Juni 2015 sampai September 2015 menggunakan hasil persilangan kombinasi antara varietas V1 : Anjasmoro, V2 : Detam II, V3 : Grobogan sebagai tetua dengan empat kombinasi persilangan G1 : Anjasmoro x Detam II, G2 : Detam II x Anjasmoro, G3 : Detam II x Grobogan, G4 : Grobogan x Detam II dengan uji t. Data dianalisis dengan Uji Sebaran Normalitas dan Heritabilitas. Parameter diamati adalah umur berbunga, tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang primer, umur panen, jumlah polong berbiji 1, jumlah polong berbiji 2, jumlah polong berbiji 3, jumlah polong berisi per tanaman, jumlah polong hampa per tanaman, jumlah biji polong berbiji 1, jumlah biji polong berbiji 2, jumlah biji polong berbiji 3, jumlah biji per tanaman, bobot biji per tanaman dan bobot 100 biji. Hasil uji t F2 dan tetua betina menunjukkan genotipe persilangan G1, G2, G3, dan G4 berbeda nyata terhadap jumlah cabang primer, umur panen, jumlah polong berbiji 1, jumlah polong berbiji 3, jumlah polong berisi per tanaman, jumlah biji polong berisi 1, jumlah biji polong berisi 3, jumlah biji per tanaman, dan bobot biji per tanaman.. Uji t F1 dan F2 menunjukkan berbeda nyata terhadap umur berbunga, jumlah cabang primer, umur panen, jumlah polong berbiji 2, jumlah polong berbiji 3, jumlah polong berisi per tanaman, jumlah biji polong berisi 2, jumlah biji polong berisi 3, jumlah biji per tanaman, bobot biji per tanaman, dan bobot 100 biji. Sebaran frekuensi karakter agronomis menunjukkan kurva tidak berdistribusi normal karena segregasi tertinggi terjadi pada F2.

The research was purposed to find the phenotypic diversity based on agronomic character and maternal inheritance of the female elders in reciprocal crosses of soybean varieties in the F2 generation. This research was held at experiment field Agriculture Faculty, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan was began from June until September 2015 with genotypes crossing between V1 : Anjasmoro, V2 : Detam II, V3 : Grobogan as parent with four crossing combination G1 : Anjasmoro x Detam II, G2 : Detam II x Anjasmoro, G3 : Detam II x Grobogan, G4 : Grobogan x Detam II. The result were analyzed with t-test, Normal Curve, and Heritability. The parameters observed were the days of flowering, plant height, number of primer branches, harvesting time, number of pods one seed, number of pods two seed, number of pods three seed, number of pods, number of empty pods, number of seed pods one, number of seed pods two, number of seed pods three, seed weight, 100-seed weight. The result F2 and female elders t-test showed that the genotype crossed between G1, G2, G3, and G4 significantly different for number of primer branches, harvesting time, number of pods one seed, number of pods three seed, number of pods, number of seed pods one, number of seed pods three, number of seeds, and seed weight. The result F1 and F2 t-test showed that significantly different for the days of flowering, number of primer branches, harvesting time, number of pods two seed, number of pods three seed, number of pods, number of seed pods two, number of seed pods three, number of seeds, seed weight, and 100-seed weight. The frequency distribution of agronomic character showed no normal distribution curve that means the highest segregation occurs at F2.