Respons Pertumbuhan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Aplikasi Mulsa dan Perbedaan Jarak Tanam

Response in growth of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) to application of mulch and some plant spacing

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis mulsa dan jarak tanam tertentu yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan bawang merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan dengan ketinggian ± 25 meter di atas permukaan laut, pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2015, menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu aplikasi mulsa (tanpa mulsa, mulsa jerami padi, mulsa plastik hitam perak) dan jarak tanam (20 cm x 15 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm, 20 cm x 25 cm). Peubah amatan yang diamati adalah panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, dan diameter umbi per sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan mulsa berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan panjang tanaman 2 MST, jumlah daun 2 dan 3 MST. Penggunaan mulsa plastik hitam perak menunjukkan hasil tertinggi pada semua peubah yang diamati. Perbedaan jarak tanam berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan panjang tanaman 3 dan 4 MST. Interaksi perlakuan aplikasi mulsa dan perbedaan jarak tanam berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap semua peubah yang diamati.

This research has been conducted to obtain a certain application of mulch and some plant spacing which can improve the growth of the shallot. This research had been conducted at experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture University of Sumatera Utara on October to December 2015 using a factorial randomized block design with two factor, i.e. types of mulch (no mulch, straw mulch, silver black plastic mulch) and plant spacing (20 cm x 15 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm,20 cm x 25 cm). Parameter observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, diameter of the bulbs per sample. The result showed that types of mulch significantly affect of plant height at 2 week after planting (WAP), number of leaves at 2 and 3 WAP in which types of silver black plasctic mulch showed the highest yields. Plant spacing significantly affect the parameters plant height at 3 and 4 WAP. The interaction between types of mulch and plant spacing were not significantly affect on all parameters observed.