Patogenitas Beberapa Cendawan Entomopatogen (Lecanicillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae, dan Beauveria bassiana) terhadap Aphis glycinespadaTanaman Kedelai
Pathogenicity of Some Entomophatogen’s Fungus (Lecanicillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Beauveria bassiana) to Aphis glycines on Soybean
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/joa.v5i1.2283Keywords:
Aphis glycines, Lecanicillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, KedelaiAbstract
Kutu daun kedelai (A. glycines) merupakan hama penting dan vektor utama virus SMV (Soybean Mosaic Virus)pada tanaman kedelai. Teknik pengendalian A. glycines dengan menggunakan insektisida belum efektif dan meninggalkan residu pada lingkungan. Penggunaan cendawan entomopatogen merupakan alternatif pengendalian A. glycines yang efektif dan aman bagi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas cendawan entomopatogen (L. lecanii, M. anisopliae, dan B. bassiana) terhadap hama kutu daun (A. glycines) pada tanaman kedelai di lapangan. Penelitian dilakukan di Lahan Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan pada bulan Desember 2015 sampai Februari 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok non faktorial dengan perlakuan : Kontrol (kutu instar 4 tanpa perlakuan entomopatogen),P1 (Kutu instar 2+L.lecanii), P2 (Kutu instar 2 + B. bassiana), P3 (Kutu instar 2 + M. anisopliae), P4 (Kutu instar 4 + L.lecanii), P5 (Kutu instar 4 + B. bassiana), P6 (Kutu instar 4 +M. anisopliae). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa L. lecanii dan M. anisopliae efektif dalam menekan populasi A. glycines ditunjukkan dengan tingkat mortalitas yang tinggi dan waktu kematian yang lebih cepat dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Mortalitas tertinggi (90%) pada perlakuan P4, sedangkan mortalitas terendah (37,5%) pada perlakuan P5.Waktu kematian tercepat (5 hari) pada perlakuan P6, sedangkan waktu kematian terlama (6,4 hari) pada perlakuan P5.
Soybean aphids (A. glycines) are the important pests and major vector virus SMV(Soybean Mosaic Virus) on soybeans. Control techniques which performed by the used of insectisides is not effective and leaves residue on the environment. Entomophatogen’s fungus is a safe alternative control for the environment. This research isaimed to determine the effectiveness of entomopatogen’s fungus (L. lecanii, M. anisopliae, and B. bassiana) to A. glycines on soybean in the field and carried out at experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture of University of Sumatera Utara, from December 2015 until Februari 2016. It used non factorial randomized block design by treatment : Control (Fourth instar of A. glycines without treatment entomopathogen), P1 (Second instar of A. glycines + L. lecanii), P2 (Second instar of A. glycines + B. bassiana), P3 (Second instar of A. glycines + M. anisopliae), P4 (Fourth instar ofA. glycines + L. lecanii), P5 (Fourth instar of A. glycines +B. bassiana), P6 (Fourt instar of A. glycines + M. anisopliae).The results showed thatL. lecanii and M. anisopliaesignificantly effective to reduce A. glycines population with high mortality and fast death time. The highest mortality (90%) is P4 treatment whereas the lowest mortality (37,5%) at P5 treatment. The fastest death time (5 day) is P6 treatment whereasthe longest death time(6,4 day) at P5 treatment.
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