Hubungan antara Anatomi Daun dengan Ketahanan Penyakit Gugur Daun pada Tanaman Karet (Hevea brassiliensis Muell. Arg)

Abstract

Penyakit gugur daun merupakan penyakit yang penting pada tanaman karet. Penyakit daun tersebut dapat menyerang di pembibitan, tanaman muda, tanaman menghasilkan, tanaman tua dan di tanaman entress. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara anatomi daun dengan ketahanan klon karet anjuran terhadap penyakit gugur daun pada tanaman karet. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Silang dan Laboratorium Proteksi Tanaman Balai Penelitian Sungei Putih. Penelitian di lapangan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktorial untuk menentukan intensitas serangan sedangkan penelitian di laboratorium menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap non faktorial untuk menentukan anatomi daun dengan 2 faktor yakni faktor 1 terdiri dari 14 klon ( RRIC 100, PB 260, IRR 112, IRR 118, IRR 104, IRR 5, IRR 220, IRR 230, IRR 119, PB 330, PB 340, BPM 24, GT-1, dan AVROS 2037) dan faktor 2 terdiri dari 3 penyakit gugur daun (Oidium heveae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides dan Corynespora casiicola) dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intensitas serangan dari ketiga penyakit gugur daun yang tertinggi pada klon BPM 24 sebesar 0,72%, O. heveae yang banyak menyerang klon karet sebesar 1,04%, interaksi antara klon dan penyakit gugur daun tidak berpengaruh nyata, stomata yang terbanyak yakni pada klon RRIC 100 sebesar 1772,85, kutikula yang paling tebal terdapat pada klon RRIC 100 sebesar 4,611 μm, antara intensitas serangan, jumlah stomata dan ketebalan kutikula tidak ada korelasi.

Leaf fall disease was an important disease in rubber. The leaf disease can attack in the nursery, the young plants, the plant produces, old plants and in plant entress. The aim of this reserach was to determine the relation of leaf anatomy clones with resistance to disease instigation leave fall on rubber. This research was conducted in Kebun Silang and Laboratory Plant Protection Sungei Putih Research Centers. The Research in field used experiment design was arranged in factorial randomized block design to determine the intensity of the attack and the research in laboratory used non factorial completely randomized design to determine the anatomy of leaves , with two factors : first factor was consists of 14 clones (RRIC 100, PB 260, IRR 112, IIR 118, IRR 104, IRR 5, IRR 220, IRR 230, IRR 119, PB 330, PB 340, BPM 24, GT-1, AVROS 2037) and second factor was consists of 3 leaves fall disease (Oidium heveae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Corynespora casiicola) and 3 replications. Results of the experiment showed that clones BPM 24 was the highest intensity of attacks on three disease by 0.72%, O. heveae was the highest intensity of leaves fall disease attacks by 1.04%, interaction between clones and leaves fall disease was not significantly, clones RRIC 100 was the highest stomata by 1772.85, RRIC 100 was the thickest of cuticle by 4.611 μm, between intensity of attacks, total of stomata and thickness of cuticle weren’t correlation.