Respon dan Heritabilitas Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Tipe K++ dan K-- Terhadap Aplikasi Pupuk KCl di Pembibitan Pre Nursery

Response and Heritability of Oil Palm Type of Seedling K++ and K— to KCl Fertilizer Application in Pre Nursery

Abstract

Oil palm requires fertilization both at the stage of seeding, immature plants, and producing plants. Potassium fertilizer is most needed for the growth of oil palm plants. The aims of research was to study the response and heritability of oil palm type of seedling K++ and K-- to KCl fertilizer application in pre nursery. This research was conducted at PT. Socfindo Bangun Bandar, Martebing Village, Dolok Masihul District, Serdang Bedagai Regency, Province of North Sumatera, with an altitude of ±60 meters above sea level, starting from February 2017 until May 2017 using Randomized Block Design with 2 factors of treatment: seed type (K++ and K--) and aplication of KCl fertilizer (0 g, 0.15 g and 0.30 g)/seedlings. The data obtained were analyzed using a verbal examination and continued by Duncan's multiple-range test. The parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, the element of potassium nutrients on the soil and the element of potassium nutrient in the leaves. The results showed that the seed type treatment was significantly different from the plant height, leaf number, and stem diameter. The treatment of KCl fertilizer dose did not significantly affect all parameters. The interaction between the two treatments did not significantly affect all parameters. Parameter of plant height, leaf number and stem diameter showed high heritability value.

Kelapa sawit memerlukan pemupukan baik pada tahap pembibitan, tanaman belum menghasilkan, maupun tanaman menghasilkan. Pupuk kalium paling dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan tanaman kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon dan heritabilitas bibit kelapa sawit tipe bibit K++ dan K-- terhadap aplikasi pupuk KCl di pembibitan Pre Nursery. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lahan pembibitan PT. Socfindo Bangun Bandar, Desa Martebing, Kecamatan Dolok Masihul, Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai, Provinsi Sumatera Utara dengan ketinggian tempat ± 60 meter di atas permukaan laut, dimulai dari bulan Februari 2017 hingga bulan Mei 2017 dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor perlakuan yaitu : tipe bibit (K++ dan K--) dan dosis pupuk KCl ( 0 g, 0.15 g dan 0.30 g)/tanaman. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, unsur hara kalium daun dan unsur hara kalium tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tipe bibit berbeda nyata terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan diameter batang. Perlakuan dosis pupuk KCl tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter. Interaksi antara kedua perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua parameter. Parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan diameter batang menunjukkan nilai heritabilitas tinggi.