Perubahan Keragaman Morfologi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicumL.) Akibat Pemberian Kolkisin dan Iradiasi Sinar Gamma

Changes in morphological variability of shallot (Allium ascalonicumL.) due to colchicine and gamma irradiation

Abstract

This research aims to see changes in morphology variability of shallot(Allium ascalonicum L.) due to colchicine and gamma irradiation. This research was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture University of Sumatera Utara, Medan with the altitude of 32 m above sea level from april to june 2017. This research used plant material of shallot bulb from Marlumba accession. The data were analyzed using t-analysis. Percentage of germination, plant length, number of leaves, number of tillers, bulb diameter, wet bulb weight, dry bulb weight and number of chromosomes. The results showed the treatment of colchicine 6 ppm and 6 gray gamma irradiation effect the changes parameters of plant length, number of leaves, number of tillers, bulb diameter, wet bulb weight, dry bulb weight and number of chromosomes. 6 ppm colchicine treatment showed increasing plant productivity, increase the average length of plant, the number of leaves, number of tillers, bulb diameter, wet bulb weight, dry bulb weight and number of chromosomes. 6 gray gamma irradiation treatment resulted decreasing in plant productivity, lowering plant length, number of leaves, bulb diameter, number of tillers, bulb diameter, wet bulb weight and dry bulb weight.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perubahan keragaman morfologi bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) akibat pemberian kolkisin dan iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Fakultas Pertanian USU, Medan dengan ketinggian tempat 32 m diatas permukaan laut dimulai dari bulan april sampai juni 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan tanam umbi bawang merah aksesi Marlumba. Data yang didapatkan diuji dengan menggunakan analisis uji-t. Parameter yang diamati adalah panjang tanaman, jumlah daun per rumpun, jumlah anakan per rumpun, diameter umbi, bobot basah umbi per rumpun, bobot kering umbi per rumpun, keragaman morfologi, dan jumlah kromosom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan kolkisin 6 ppm dan perlakuan iradiasi sinar gamma 6 gray mempengaruhi perubahan parameter panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, diameter umbi, bobot basah umbi, bobot kering umbi serta jumlah kromosom. Perlakuan kolkisin 6 ppm menunjukkan produktivitas tanaman yang semakin meningkat, meningkatkan rataan panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter umbi, bobot basah umbi, bobot kering umbi serta neningkatkan laju penggandaan kromosom. Perlakuan iradiasi sinar gamma 6 gray mengakibatkan penurunan produktivitas tanaman. Menurunkan rataan panjang tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, diameter umbi, berat basah umbi serta bera kering umbi.