Eksplorasi Cendawan Endofit pada Akar Tanaman Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) sebagai Agens Hayati Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus microporus (Swartz; Fr)) di Kabupaten Asahan

Exploration of Endophytic Fungi on Rubber’s Root (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.)as a Biological Agents of White Root Rot (Rigidoporus microporus (Swartz;Fr)) in Kabupaten Asahan

Abstract

Endophytic fungi are known be able to produce secondary metabolites that often impact on the growth of its host, such as enhance its growth and increasing the resistance of plant to biotic and abiotic stress condition.This research was aimed to isolate and test endophytic fungi which have potency as biocontrol agents against Rigidoporus microporus on rubber tree. The research was conducted at Plant Disease Laboratory, Program Study of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas of Sumatera Utara, Medan from September 2017 to February 2018. It was done by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Non Factorial. The results indicated there were 8 genus of fungi (Rhizoctonia sp., Penicillium sp., Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., Mucor sp. and Fusarium sp.) from roots of rubber tree in Asahan that have potency as biological agent to control R. microporus in rubber tree. The best results were obtained on genus Aspergillus sp. with inhibition zone was 81,11%.

Cendawan endofit diketahui memiliki kemampuan dalam menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang sering berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan inangnya, seperti meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap kondisi cekaman biotik dan abiotik.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan menguji daya antagonisme cendawan endofit terhadapR. microporus penyebab penyakit jamur akar putih pada tanaman karet. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan mulai bulan September 2017 sampai Februari 2018 . Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 8 genus isolat cendawan asal akar tanaman karet di Asahan(Rhizoctonia sp.,Penicillium sp., Gliocladium sp., Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., Mucor sp. dan Fusarium sp.) yang berpotensi sebagai agens hayati untuk mengendalikan penyakit jamur akar putih pada karet. Hasil terbaik didapat padacendawan dari genusAspergillus sp. dengan daya hambat sebesar 81,11 %.