Identifikasi Karakter Morfologis Dan Hubungan Kekerabatan BeberapaGenotipeKelapa (Cocos nuciferaL.) Di Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara
Identification of Morphological Characteristics and Phylogenic Relationship of Several Genotypes of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in Langkat Regency North Sumatera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/joa.v7i2.2453Keywords:
coconut, morphological characteristics, phylogenic relationship, Langkat regency, kelapa, karakteristik morfologis, hubungan kekerabatan, kabupaten LangkatAbstract
Identification of morphological characteristics and phylogenic relationship used to identify the best coconut characters that can be used as elders and germplasm. The purpose of this research was to identify the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of several genotypes of coconut in Pangkalan Brandan districts, Pangkalan Susu districts and Sei Bingei districts Langkat regency North Sumatera. The research was conducted from April to Mei 2018 by descriptive survey method based on coconut descriptor of International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) using accidental sampling. This result showed that in research areathere were 13genotypes of dwarf coconut and 14 genotypes of tall coconut. The morphological characteristics were found for crown shape viz(spherical, hemispherical, X-shaped ‘silhouette’), flower shape (normal and additional spathes or bracts), and fruit size (ovoid, almost round, oblate). The closet phylogenetic relaationship is AP16 and AP2 with coefficient euclidean 3,464 and farthest phylogenetic relationship is AP20 and AP22 with coefficient euclidean 10,488. Phylogenetic relationship of between genotypes of coconut in Pankalan Brandan Districts, Pangkalan Susu Districts and Sei Bingei Districts Langkat regency still have a close level relationship.
Identifikasi Karakter Morfologis dan Hubungan Kekerabatan digunakan untuk mengidentifakasi karakter kelapa terbaik yang dapat dijadikan sebagai tetua dan plasma nutfah dalam pemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter morfologis dan hubungan kekerabatan beberapa genotipe kelapa yang ada di Kecamatan Pangkalan Brandan, Kecamatan Pangkalan Susu dan Kecamatan Sei Bingei Kabupaten Langkat Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan April sampai Mei 2017 menggunakan metode survei deskriptif berdasarkan buku panduan deskriptor kelapa IPGRI (International Plant Genetic Resources) secara accidental sampling. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa di daerahpenelitian terdapat 13 genotipe kelapa genjah dan14 genotipe kelapa dalam. Karakteristik morfologis untuk bentuk tajuk (bulat, setengah bulat, berbentuk X “siluet”, berbentuk V), bunga (normal, dan masih diseludangi seludang daun), buah (lonjong, bulat telur, bersiku, bulat), tempurung (bulat telur, hampir bulat, oblate). Hubungan kekerabatan terdekat pada pada AP16 dan AP2 dengan nilai euclidean 3,464 sedangkan hubungan kekerabatan terjauh tedapat pada AP20 dan AP22 dengan nilai euclidean 10,488. Hubungan kekerabatan antar genotipe kelapa di Kecamatan Pangkalan Brandan, Kecamatan Pangkalan Susu dan Kecamatan Sei Bingei masih memiliki tingkat kekerabatan yang dekat.
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