Keragaman Jamur Antagonis Pada Rhizosfer Karet (Hevea Brassiliensis Muell.Arg.) Sehat dan Terserang Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus Microporus (Swartz: Fr)
The Diversity of Antagonistic Fungi in Rhizosphere of Rubber (Hevea brassiliensis Muell.Arg) Healthy and Infected White Root Rot Disease (Rigidoporus microporus Swartz: Fr)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/joa.v7i2.2457Keywords:
rhizosphere, rubber, white root rot disease, antagonistic test, karet, jamur akar putih, uji antagonisAbstract
The beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere are very abundant. This potential, especially antagonistic fungi can be used to control soil-borne pathogens, including in controlling white root rot disease which is a soil-borne pathogen. This study aims to determine the antagonistic fungal diversity of healthy rubber rhizosphare and infected with white root rot disease. This research was conducted in Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara from October 2017 until March 2018. The research was conducted by collecting of soil samples from healthy rubber plant and infected white root rot disease in rubber plantation of Silomlom Village, Simpang Empat Sub-district, of Asahan Regency then soil samples were isolated in the Laboratory until obtained a pure fungi isolates and antagonistic test and identified to the genus level. The results showed that fungi obtained in healthy plant rhizosphere were Mortierella, Humicola, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Gliocladium, Penicillium, Trichoderma and on the plant rhizosphare attacted white root disease obtained fungi Trichoderma, Humicola, and Phialophora. The results of antagonistic test showed that the highest inhibition was Mortierella that was 90%, then Trichoderma was 71.85%, Aspergillus 66.46% and the lowest was Humicola 27.78%.
Mikroorganisme menguntungkan yang berada pada rhizosfer sangat melimpah jumlahnya. Potensi tersebut, khususnya jamur antagonis dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan patogen tular tanah termasuk juga dalam pengendalian Jamur Akar Putih yang merupakan patogen tular tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman jamur antagonis yang terdapat pada tanah di sekitar perakaran (rhizosfer) tanaman karet sehat dan yang terserang jamur akar putih. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara pada bulan Oktober 2017 sampai Maret 2018. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel tanah dari tanaman karet yang sehat dan terserang jamur akar putih di kebun karet Desa Silomlom, Kecamatan Simpang Empat, Kabupaten Asahan dan kemudian sampel tanah diisolasi di laboratorium hingga didapat biakan murni jamur serta dilakukan uji antagonis dan diidentifikasi sampai tingkat genus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jamur yang diperoleh pada rhizosfer tanaman sehat adalah Mortierella, Humicola, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Gliocladium, Penicillium, Trichoderma dan pada rhizosfer tanaman terserang diperoleh jamur Trichoderma, Humicola, dan Phialophora. Hasil uji antagonis menunjukan bahwa daya hambat tertinggi pada jamur Mortierella yaitu sebesar 90%, diikuti dengan Trichoderma 71,85%, Aspergillus 66,46%, dan daya hambat terendah pada jamur Humicola sebesar 27,78%.
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