Karakter Morfologis dan Hubungan Kekerabatan Beberapa Genotipe Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) di Kecamatan Silau Laut Kabupaten Asahan
Morphological Characteristics and Phylogenetic Relationship of Several Genotypes of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in Silau Laut District Asahan Regency
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/ja.v6i4.2458Keywords:
Coconut, morphological characteristics, phylogenetic relationship, Silau Laut district, Kelapa, karakteristik morfologi, hubungan kekerabatan, kecamatan Silau LautAbstract
This research aimed to identify the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of several genotypes of coconut in Silau Laut district Asahan regency Sumatera Utara. The research was conducted from April to Mei 2017 by survey method based on coconut descriptor of International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) with sampling technique using accidental sampling. This result of research showed that in Silau Laut district there were 27 genotypes of coconut been identified. The result of morphologycal characteristics for crown shape (spherical, hemispherical, X-shaped ‘silhouette’), flower shape (normal and additional spathes or bracts), fruit shape (oblong, ovoid, angled, round), nut shape (pointed, ovoid, almost round, oblate). The closest phylogenetic relationship is G41 and G42 with coefficient dissimilarity 3,00 and farthest phylogenetic relationship is G40 and G45 with coefficient dissimilarity 12,53. The result of dendogam showed at scale 18 was formed 5 goups. Phylogenetic relationship of between genotypes of coconut in Silau Laut district Asahan regency still have a close level relationship.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakter morfologis dan hubungan kekerabatan beberapa genotipe kelapa di Kecamatan Silau Laut Kabupaten Asahan Sumatera Utara. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan April sampai Mei 2017 dengan metode survei menggunakan panduan deskriptor kelapa International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara accidental sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Kecamatan Silau Laut terdapat 27 genotipe kelapa yang diidentifikasi. Hasil karakterisasi morfologis untuk bentuk tajuk (bulat, setengah bulat, berbentuk X ‘siluet’, berbentuk V), bunga (normal dan masih diselubungi seludang daun), buah (lonjong, bulat telur, bersiku, bulat), tempurung (runcing, bulat telur, hampir bulat, oblate). Hubungan kekerabatan terdekat pada G41 dan G42 dengan koefisien ketidaksamaan sebesar 3,00 dan hubungan kekerabatan terjauh pada G40 dan G45 dengan koefisien ketidaksamaan sebesar 12,53. Hasil dendogam menunjukkan bahwa pada skala 18 terbentuk 5 kelompok. Hubungan kekerabatan antar genotipe kelapa di Kecamatan Silau Laut Kabupaten Asahan masih memiliki tingkat kekerabatan yang dekat.
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