Keanekaragaman Serangga Pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum Linn) dengan Budidaya Secara Semi Organik dan Konvensional Di Kabupaten Simalungun
Diversity of insects on shallot crops (Allium ascalonicum Linn) with semi organic and conventional farming system in Simalungun district
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/joa.v7i2.2463Keywords:
insect diversity, shallots, semi organic, conventional, keanekaragaman serangga, bawang merah, semi organik, konvensionalAbstract
Pest is one of the factors that affect productivity of shallot. Study of diversity of insects is the first step in the prevention of pests in plants. The purpose of this research was to compare the diversity of insects on shallot crops on semi organic and conventional cultivation in Simalungun district. The experiment was conducted in Karang Sari and Karang Rejo villages, Gunung Maligas sub district, Simalungun district. Identification activities was carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Pests, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara. The study used survey method, carried out on an area of 500 đť‘š2. The observation done for 7 times, once in the nursery, once before transplanting, three times in the vegetative period, twice in generative period. Sampling was done by using sweep net, yellow trap, pitfall trap, and hand picking. The results showed that there were 9 orders consisting of 18 families on semi organic cultivation while the conventional cultivation there were 10 orders consisting of 16 families. Index of diversity in semi organic cultivation was 2.277 and in conventional cultivation was 2.332 indicating medium diversity. Index of Evennes in semi organic cultivation was 0.595 and in conventional cultivation was 0.581 indicating Index of Evennes in both places was high. There was no species of insect dominating in both places indicated high diversity.
Serangan hama merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas bawang merah. Studi keanekaragaman serangga merupakan langkah awal dalam penanggulangan hama pada tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan keanekaragaman serangga pada tanaman bawang merah pada lahan dengan penanaman menggunakan sistem konvensional semi organik di Kabupaten Simalungun. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Karang Sari dan Desa Karang Rejo, Kecamatan Gunung Maligas, Kabupaten Simalungun dan kegiatan identifikasi serangga dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei, dilakukan pada lahan seluas 500 m2. Pengamatan dilakukan sebanyak 7 kali, 1 kali pada saat persemaian, 1 kali sebelum transplanting ke lapangan, 3 kali pada masa vegetatif, dan 2 kali pada masa generatif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan jaring serangga, perangkap kuning dan perangkap jatuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 9 ordo serangga yang terdiri dari 18 famili di lahan semi organik, sedangkan di lahan konvensional terdapat 10 ordo yang terdiri dari 16 famili. Indeks keanekaragaman pada pertanaman secara semi organik sebesar 2,277 dan konvensional sebesar 2,332 menunjukkan keanekaragaman sedang. Indeks Kemerataan pada pertanaman secara semi organik sebesar 0,595 dan konvensional sebesar 0,581 menunjukkan kemerataan di kedua tempat termasuk tinggi. Tidak ada spesies serangga yang mendominasi di kedua tempat menunjukkan keanekaragaman yang tinggi.
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