Keanekaragaman Serangga pada Pertanaman Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) dengan Teknik PHT dan Non PHT di Kecamatan Biru-Biru Kabupaten Deli Serdang

Diversity of Insects in Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Plantations with Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Non IPM in Biru-biru District of Deli Serdang Regency

Abstract

The cocoa farmers mostly practice conventional pest control that can be harmful to the
environment, therefore integrated pest management has been developed. This research aimed to
know diversity of insects in cocoa plantations affected by integrated pest management (IPM) and
conventional (non IPM) techniques. This research was conducted in two villages in Biru-Biru
District, Deli Serdang Regency and in Plant Pests Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas
Sumatera Utara, Medan from June until September 2016. This research used four insect traps
(sweep net, pitfall trap, light trap, and yellow trap), and repeated five times. The results showed that
insects caught on cocoa plantations with IPM were 12 orders and 44 families, the highest relative
density value was 27.49%, the lowest was 0.07%, the index value of insect diversity ShannonWeiner (H') was 2.90 (moderate) and the index value of insect evenness (E) was 0.76 (high)
whereas on cocoa plantations with non IPM were 10 Orders and 39 families with the highest
relative density value was 25.27%, the lowest was 0.10%, the index value of insect diversity
Shannon-Weiner (H') was 2.76 (moderate) and the index value of insect evenness (E) was 0.75
(high).

Petani kakao umumnya melakukan pengendalian hama secara konvensional yang dapat berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan, sehingga kini dikembangkan sistem pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis serangga pada lahan pertanaman kakao dengan teknik pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) dan konvensional (non PHT) pada tanaman kakao di Kecamatan Biru-biru, Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di 2 desa di Kec. Biru-biru, Kab. Deli Serdang dan Laboratorium Hama Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan pada bulan Juni sampai September 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 teknik perangkap serangga (perangkap jaring, perangkap jatuh, perangkap lampu, dan perangkap kuning) dan diulang sebanyak lima kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan serangga yang tertangkap pada lahan kakao PHT terdiri dari 12 ordo dan 44 famili, nilai kerapatan relatif tertinggi sebesar 27,49%, yang terendah sebesar 0,07%, nilai indeks keanekaragaman serangga Shanon-Weiner (H’) adalah 2,90 (sedang) dan nilai indeks kemerataan serangga adalah 0,76 (tinggi) sedangkan pada lahan kakao non PHT terdapat 10 Ordo dan 39 famili dengan nilai kerapatan relatif tertinggi sebesar 25,27%, yang terendah sebesar 0,10%, nilai indeks keanekaragaman serangga sebesar 2,76 (sedang) dan nilai indeks kemerataan serangga adalah 0,75 (tinggi).