Sifat Fisika dan Kimia Tanah Pada Tanah Supresif Terhadap Keberadaan Ganoderma boninense Pada Kelapa Sawit

The Physical and Chemical Soil Properties of The Soil Suppresive to Existence of Ganoderma boninense on The Oil Palm”.

Abstract

Basal Stem rot disease caused by Ganoderma boninense in oil palm is an important disease because it
can cause damage to 100% even the death of oil palm plantation. The spread of Ganoderma boninense
is influenced by internal and external factors of the plant. Internal factors of the plant include plant
health and resistance to pathogen infection. As for the external factor that is the environment around
the growing area, especially the condition of the soil, in this case related to soil nutrient status. This
study aims to compare the soil physical properties of soil texture, and soil chemical properties is pHH2O, pH-KCl, C-organic content, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) Soil, Bases cations (K, Ca, Mg
and Na) Soil, soil Nitrogen content,and P-content available on soil invested and soil suppressive against
Ganoderma boninense attack. The research was conducted at Oil Palm Plantation PT. Marihat,
Pematang Siantar with comparative method. Samples were taken by simple random sampling method
(SRS). Soil samples were analyzed at PT. Socfin Indonesia. The results showed that nutrient elements
did not affect the presence of G. boninense on suppressive soils but the percentage of sand in the soil
affected the spread of G. Boninense.

Penyakit busuk pangkal batang yang disebabkan oleh Ganoderma boninense pada tanaman kelapa sawit merupakan penyakit yang penting karena dapat menyebabkan kematian tanaman kelapa sawit hingga 100%. Penyebaran G. boninense dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal tanaman. Faktor internal tanaman meliputi kesehatan tanaman dan daya tahan terhadap infeksi patogen. Sedangkan untuk faktor eksternal yaitu lingkungan sekitar wilayah tumbuh terutama kondisi tanah, dalam hal ini yang berkaitan dengan status hara tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan sifat fisika tanah yaitu tekstur tanah, dan sifat kimia tanah yaitu pH-H2O, pH-KCl, kadar C-organik, Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK) Tanah, Kation Basa - basa Tukar (K, Ca, Mg dan Na) Tanah, kadar Nitrogen tanah, kadar P-tersedia dan kadar hara mikro (Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Al dan B) pada tanah terinfestasi dan tanah supresif terhadap serangan G. boninense. Penelitian dilakukan di Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT. Marihat, Pematang Siantar dengan metode komparatif. Sampel diambil dengan metode simple random sampling (SRS). Sampel tanah di analisis di Laboratorium PT. Socfin Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa unsur hara tidak berpengaruh terhadap keberadaan G. boninense pada tanah supresif tetapi persentase pasir dalam tanah mempengaruhi penyebaran G. boninense.