Diskursus Kekuatan Hukum Fatwa DSN-MUI dalam Yurisprudensi Peradilan Indonesia: Analisis Komparatif dengan Mekanisme Rujukan Wajib Shariah Advisory Council Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/rslr.v5i1.25212Keywords:
Fatwa DSN-MUI, Rujukan Wajib, Shariah Advisory Council, UU Perbankan Syariah, Kepastian HukumAbstract
Kekuatan hukum fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI) dalam yurisprudensi Indonesia problematis karena tidak adanya mekanisme prosedural yang mengikat hakim. Hal ini berbeda dengan mekanisme rujukan wajib Malaysia berdasarkan Central Bank of Malaysia Act 2009 (Act 701) dan Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 (IFSA 2013). Penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan komparatif dan konseptual ini menganalisis kedudukan fatwa DSN-MUI berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah serta Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 10/32/PBI/2008 yang mewajibkan positivisasi fatwa ke dalam regulasi sektor, tetapi tidak mengikat hakim secara prosedural. Sebaliknya, Pasal 56 Act 701 mewajibkan pengadilan Malaysia merujuk persoalan syariah kepada Shariah Advisory Council (SAC), dan penetapan SAC bersifat mengikat terhadap pengadilan sebagaimana ditegaskan Mahkamah Persekutuan Malaysia dalam putusan JRI Resources Sdn Bhd v Kuwait Finance House (M) Bhd [2019] 3 MLJ 1. Tantangan utama Indonesia adalah ketiadaan mekanisme rujukan wajib, keterbatasan kapasitas hakim, serta dualisme peradilan agama dan negeri yang melahirkan disparitas putusan. Malaysia justru menghadapi perdebatan konstitusional mengenai batas kewenangan SAC terhadap doktrin pemisahan kekuasaan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan adopsi limited mandatory reference mechanism bagi Indonesia serta pembentukan mekanisme review terbatas atas penetapan SAC bagi Malaysia.
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