Posttraumatic growth among adolescents victims of bullying
Posttraumatic growth pada remaja penyintas bullying
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/psikologia.v15i1.4342Keywords:
bullying, posttraumatic growth, adolescentsAbstract
Being a victim of bullying is a traumatic life event that may lead to various developmental problems among adolescents. Such a traumatic life event could negatively affect individuals’ emotional and physical well-being. However, for some individuals, traumatic life events could promote posttraumatic growth. The present paper describes posttraumatic growth among victims of bullying. Specifically, we describe some indicators and encouraging factors of posttraumatic growth among adolescents who had been victims of bullying. The present review can contribute to intervention programs to encourage posttraumatic growth among adolescents who had been victims of bullying.
Menjadi korban bullying merupakan peristiwa kehidupan traumatis yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai masalah perkembangan di kalangan remaja. Peristiwa kehidupan traumatis semacam ini dapat berdampak negatif pada kesejahteraan emosional dan fisik individu. Namun, bagi sebagian individu, peristiwa kehidupan traumatis dapat mendorong posttraumatic growth. Makalah ini menjelaskan posttraumatic growth di antara korban bullying. Secara spesifik, kami menjabarkan beberapa indikator dan faktor pendorong posttraumatic growth di kalangan remaja yang pernah menjadi korban bullying. Ulasan ini dapat berkontribusi pada program intervensi untuk mendorong posttraumatic growth di antara remaja korban bullying.
Downloads
References
Aini, S. Q. (2016). Fenomena kekerasan di sekolah (school bullying) pada remaja kabupaten pati.
Jurnal Litbang, 12, 51–60.
Andreou, E., Tsermentseli, S., Anastasiou, O., dan Kouklari, E.-C. (2020). Retrospective accounts
of bullying victimization at school: associations with post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms
and post-traumatic growth among university students. Journal of Child dan Adolescent Trauma.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-020-00302-4
Ardiavianti, L., Kurnia, I. D., dan Hsieh, P. (2018). Relationship between bullying and social anxiety and withdrawal among adolescents. Proceedings of the 9th International Nursing Conference. 21
Calhoun, L., dan Tedeschi, R. (2004). Posttraumatic growth in clinical practice (1st ed.). London: Routledge.
Calhoun, L., dan Tedeschi, R. (2014). Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research and practice.
New York: Taylor dan Francis.
Delprato, M., Akyeampong, K., dan Dunne, M. (2017). The impact of bullying on students’ learning in Latin America: A matching approach for 15 countries. International Journal of Educational Development, 52, 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.10.002
Elkind, D. (1976). Child development and education : A piagetian perspective. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Ellisyani, N. (2016). Regulasi emosi pada korban bullying di SMA Muhammadiyah Palembang.
Psikologi Islam, 2.
Erikson, E. (n.d.). Identity youth and crisis. New York: W. W. Norton dan Company, Inc.
Evans, C. B. R., Cotter, K. L., dan Smokowski, P. R. (2017). Giving victims of bullying a voice: A qualitative study of post bullying reactions and coping strategies. Child and Adolescent Social
Work Journal, 34, 543–555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-017-0492-6
Febriyani, Y. A., dan Indrawati, E. (2016). Konformitas teman sebaya dan perilaku bullying pada
siswa kelas XI IPS. Empati, 5, 138–143.
Garnefski, N., dan Kraaij, V. (2014). Bully victimization and emotional problems in adolescents:
Moderation by specifific cognitive coping strategies? Journal of Adolescence, 37, 1153–1160.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.07.005
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., dan Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1311–1327. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00113-6
Haas, M. (2015). Bouncing forward: Transforming bad breaks into breakthroughs.
Harahap, E., dan Saputri, N. M. I. (2019). Dampak psikologis siswa korban bullying di SMA Negeri 1 Barumun. Jurnal Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 4. https://doi.org/10.31604/ristekdik.v4i1.68-75
Hardi, M., Kharis, A., dan Aini, N. (2019). Dampak Bullying Terhadap Perilaku Remaja (Studi pada SMKN 5 Mataram). JIAP (Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Publik), 7, 44. https://doi.org/10.31764/jiap.v7i1.775
Idsoe, T., Dyregrov, A., dan Idsoe, E. C. (2012). Bullying and PTSD symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 901–911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-012-9620-0
Karanci, A. N., I¸sikli, S., Aker, A. T., Gül, E. I., Erkan, B. B., Özkol, H., dan Güzel, H. Y. (2012).
Personality, posttraumatic stress and trauma type: Factors contributing to posttraumatic growth
and its domains in a Turkish community sample. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 3.
https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.17303
Khoirunnisa, R. (2015). Konsep diri remaja korban bullying (studi pada siswa korban bullying di SMA Muhammadiyah 7 Yogyakarta. Jurnal Riset Mahasiswa Bimbingan Dan Konseling. Retrieved from http://journal.student.uny.ac.id/ojs/index.php/fifipbk/article/view/276
Kim, S., dan Yun, I. (2016). Bullying among South Korean adolescents: Prevalence and association with psychological adjustment. Violence and Victims, 31, 167–184. https://doi.org/https: //doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-13-00138
Kleim, B., dan Ehlers, A. (2009). Evidence for a curvilinear relationship between posttraumatic
growth and posttrauma depression and PTSD in assault survivors. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22, 2245–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20378
Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia. (2016). Data kasus perlindungan anak berdasarkan lokasi
pengaduan dan pemantauan media se-Indonesia tahun 2011-2016. Retrieved from https://bankdata.kpai.go.id/tabulasi-data/data-kasus-se-indonesia/data-kasus-perlindungan-anak-berdasarkan-lokasi-pengaduan-dan-pemantauan-media-se-indonesia-tahun-2011-2016
Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia. (2020). Sejumlah kasus bullying sudah warnai catatan masalah anak di awal 2020, begini kata komisioner KPAI. Retrieved from https://www.kpai.go.id/berita/sejumlah-kasus-bullying-sudah-warnai-catatan-masalah-anak-di-awal-2020-begini-kata-komisioner-kpai
Ma, T.-L., dan Bellmore, A. (2016). Connection or independence: Cross-cultural comparisons of
adolescents’ coping with peer victimization using mixed methods. Journal of Cross-Cultural
Psychology, 47, 109–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022115605386
Mandegani, D. P. (2020). 6 fakta aksi perundungan anak penjual jalangkote yang viral di media sosial. Retrieved from https://www.merdeka.com/sumut/6-fakta-aksi-perundungan-anak-penjual-jalang kote-yang-viral-di-media-sosial.html
Mishra, D. K., Thapa, T. R., Marahatta, S. B., dan Mahotra, A. (2018). Bullying behavior and
psychosocial health: A cross-sectional study among school students of Pyuthan municipality.
Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, 16, 73–78. https://doi.org/10.33314/JNHRC.V16I1.1366 National Institute of Mental Health. (2020). Coping with traumatic events.
Nixon, C. L., Jairam, D., Davis, S., Linkie, C. A., Chatters, S., dan Hodge, J. J. (2019). Effects of
students grade level, gender, and form of bullying victimization on coping strategy effectiveness. International Journal of Bullying Prevention. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42380-019-00027-5
Panayiotou, G., dan Karekla, M. (2013). Perceived social support helps, but does not buffer the
negative impact of anxiety disorders on quality of life and perceived stress. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 48, 283–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0533-6
Parris, L., Varjas, K., Meyers, J., Henrich, C., dan Brack, J. (2017). Coping with bullying: The
moderating effects of self-reliance. Journal of School Violence, 18, 62–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2017.1387131
Ramadhani, A., dan Retnowati, S. (2013). Depresi pada remaja korban bullying. Jurnal Psikologi UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim, 9, 73–79. https://doi.org/10.24014/JP.V9I2.165
Ratcliff, J. J., Lieberman, L., Miller, A. K., dan Pace, B. (2017). Bullying as a source of posttraumatic growth in individuals with visual impairments. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 29, 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-016-9523-z
Reynolds, C. R., dan Kamphaus, R. W. (2004). Behavior assessment system for children (2nd ed.).
AGS Publishing Roland.
Risner, D. (2014). Bullying victimisation and social support of adolescent male dance students: An analysis of fifindings. Research in Dance Education, 15, 179–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/146478 93.2014.891847
Santrock, J. W. (2011). Life-span development (13th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sari, A. P., dan Jatiningsih, O. (2015). Konsep diri pelaku dan korban bullying pada siswa SMP Negeri 1 Mojokerto. Kajian Moral Dan Kewarganegaraan, 3, 1194–1209. 23
Shafiira, F. N., Widiastuti, R., dan Pratama, J. (2020). Hubungan antara konformitas teman sebaya dengan perilaku perundungan (bullyinh). ALIBKIN (Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling), 8.
Slonje, R., Smith, P. K., dan Frisén, A. (2016). Perceived reasons for the negative impact of cyber-
bullying and traditional bullying. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 14, 295–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2016.1200461
Smokowski, P. R., Evans, C. B. R., dan Cotter, K. L. (2014). The differential impacts of episodic,
chronic, and cumulative physical bullying and cyberbullying: the effects of victimization on the
school experiences, social support, and mental health of rural adolescents. Violence and Victims, 29, 1029–1046. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-13-00076
Takizawa, R., Maughan, B., dan Arseneault, L. (2014). Adult health outcomes of childhood bullying victimization: Evidence from a fifive-decade longitudinal British birth cohort. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 777–784. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13101401
Taku, K., Kilmer, R. P., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R. G., dan Calhoun, L. G. (2012). Exploring posttraumatic growth in Japanese youth. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4, 411–419. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024363
Tedeschi, R., dan Calhoun, L. G. (1999). Facilitating posttraumatic growth: A clinician’s guide. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Tedeschi, R. G., dan Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and
empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
Tennen, H. (2013). Positive change following trauma: Controversies and new directions. The 29th
annual meeting of international society of traumatic stress studies. Philadelphia.
Umamy, F., Hidayat, W., dan Sitorus, M. E. (2019). Studi fenomenologi: Dinamika kesehatan korban bullying remaja di SMPN 2 Kecamatan Datuk Bandar Timur kota Tanjungbalai. Jurnal Muara Sains, Teknologi, Kedokteran Dan Ilmu Kesehatan, 3, 245. https://doi.org/10.24912/jmstkik.v3i2. 5111
UNESCO. (2017). School violence and bullying: Global status report. Retrieved from https:
//resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/library/school-violence-and-bullying-global-status-report
Utomo, M. I. T. (2016). Strategi coping korban bullying verbal pada siswa kelas XI di SMA Negeri 11 Yogyakarta. Jurnal Riset Mahasiswa Bimbingan Dan Konseling, 5.
Yayasan Semai Jiwa Amini. (2008). Bullying: Mengatasi kekerasan di sekolah dan lingkungan. PT. Grasindo.
Yin, X. Q., Wang, L. H., Zhang, G. D., Liang, X. B., Li, J., Zimmerman, M. A., dan Wang, J. L. (2017). The promotive effects of peer support and active coping on the relationship between bullying victimization and depression among chinese boarding students. Psychiatry Research, 256, 59–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.037
Zakiyah, E. Z., Fedryansyah, M., dan Gutama, A. S. (2018). Dampak bullying pada tugas perkembangan remaja korban bullying. Focus : Jurnal Pekerjaan Sosial, 1, 265. https://doi.org/10.24198/foc us.v1i3.20502
Zelenski, J. M., Santoro, M. S., dan Whelan, D. C. (2012). Would introverts be better off if they acted more like extraverts? Exploring emotional and cognitive consequences of counterdispositional behavior. Emotion, 12, 290–303. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025169
Published
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2020 Psikologia: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Psikologi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
