Spatial Clustering Analysis of Stunting in North Sumatra Based on Environmental Factors Using K-Means Algorithm

Fanny Ramadhani

doi:10.32734/jocai.v9.i2-17179

Authors

Fanny Ramadhani Universitas Negeri Medan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32734/jocai.v9.i2-17179

Keywords:

Stunting, Spatial Clustering, K-Means, Environmental Factors, Silhouette Coefficient

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the spatial grouping of stunting events in North Sumatra based on environmental factors using the K-Means algorithm. The data used in this research includes the incidence of stunting, environmental factors (such as access to health services, living environment conditions, water use and sanitation), and spatial data (geographical coordinates). The data comes from Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS 2018, then processed and normalized. The elbow method and silhouette analysis are used to determine the optimal number of clusters, resulting in four different clusters. The application of the K-Means algorithm produces the following cluster characteristics: Cluster 1, with good environmental conditions and access to health services, shows low levels of stunting; Cluster 2, with moderate environmental conditions, shows moderate levels of stunting; Cluster 3, which is characterized by poor living conditions and limited access to health services, has levels high stunting; and Cluster 4, with varied environmental conditions but very limited access to health and sanitation services, also shows a high stunting rate. Validation using the Silhouette Coefficient produces an average score of 0.65 which indicates good clustering quality shows that environmental factors, access to health services, and sanitation conditions have a significant impact on the incidence of stunting. Based on these findings, policy and intervention recommendations are focused on Clusters 3 and 4, which have high stunting rates. The interventions carried out include increasing access and quality of nutrition, health services, sanitation conditions, economic empowerment, and health education.

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