The Role of SLC22A1 Polymorphisms in Metformin Therapeutic Response: A Bioinformatics Based Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v9i01.23991Keywords:
Metformin, SLC22A1, rs622342, rs594709, rs628031Abstract
Metformin is the most common first-line therapy used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, therapeutic response to metformin varies between individuals, which is largely influenced by genetic factors, especially polymorphisms in the SLC22A1 gene. This gene encodes the organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), which plays a role in the transport of metformin into hepatocytes. This literature review used a bioinformatics approach to explore the impact of SLC22A1 polymorphisms on the efficacy of metformin. Genetic and pharmacogenomic data were collected from two major databases, namely PharmGKB and GTEx Portal. Relevant polymorphic variants were identified based on data that were associated with drug response. Tissue expression analysis of SLC22A1 in GTEx was used to evaluate the biological relevance of gene expression in metformin target organs. The results showed that SLC22A1 gene expression was significantly highest in liver tissue, which plays a key role in the efficacy of metformin in T2DM patients. SLC22A1 functions as a major transporter in transporting metformin into hepatocytes, where its pharmacological action occurs. Genetic variations such as rs622342, rs594709, and rs628031 can significantly affect the expression and function of these transporters, which ultimately have a direct impact on the efficacy of metformin therapy. This study emphasizes the importance of pharmacogenomic approaches in personalized medicine for T2DM patients.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Danang Prasetyaning Amukti, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Daru Estiningsih, Nurul Kusumawardani, Barkah Djaka Purwanto, Ria Indah Pratami, Mauritz Pandapotan Marpaung
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