Studi Observasional Mutu Informasi Produk Multivitamin Emulsi Di Apotek
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32734/idjpcr.v9i01.24520Keywords:
Multivitamin, Emulsions, Label Information, Product Characteristics, ObservationsAbstract
Information regarding the characteristics of emulsion multivitamin products available in Indonesian community pharmacies remains limited, highlighting the need for evaluation to provide useful information for healthcare professionals and consumers. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of commercial emulsion multivitamin products based on price, composition, dosage form, and packaging type. A quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional observational design was conducted. Ten oral emulsion multivitamin products were selected using purposive sampling and evaluated through direct observation of primary and secondary packaging using a structured observation instrument. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented as percentages. The results showed variations in product prices accompanied by differences in formulation composition and packaging type. Vitamins were the primary components of all products, supplemented with minerals and other supporting ingredients. Emulsion dosage forms were commonly used because of their ease of administration and potential to enhance vitamin bioavailability. Plastic packaging was more frequently used than glass packaging due to its practicality and cost efficiency, although it provides less protection against environmental factors. This study provides baseline information on the characteristics of emulsion multivitamin products available in community pharmacies. In conclusion, these products exhibit considerable variation in terms of price, composition, dosage form, and packaging type, providing a basis for future studies on product quality and stability.
Downloads
References
[1] National Institutes of Health. Multivitamin/mineral supplements: Fact sheet for health professionals. Bethesda (MD): Office of Dietary Supplements; 2023.
[2] McClements DJ. Enhanced delivery of lipophilic bioactives using emulsions: A review of major factors affecting vitamin, nutraceutical, and lipid bioaccessibility. Food Funct. 2018;9:22-41.
[3] Hui MQ, Mi YN, Ma YF, Chen T, Cao YX. Preparation and evaluation of lipid emulsion containing 13 vitamins for injection without anaphylactoid reactions. Int J Nanomedicine. 2021;16:3317-3327.
[4] Zhang Y, Sun G, Li D, Xu J, McClements DJ, Li Y. Advances in emulsion-based delivery systems for nutraceuticals: Utilization of interfacial engineering approaches to control bioavailability. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2023;104:139-178.
[5] Grunert KG, van Trijp HCM. Consumer perception of food and nutrition products: Linking price, quality, and functionality. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2023;134:128-137.
[6] Ahmed S, Zhang C, McClements DJ. Stability and degradation mechanisms of fat-soluble vitamins in food and pharmaceutical systems. Food Chem. 2022;373:131513.
[7] Pinto VRA, Melo LF, Freitas AA. The role of packaging design and label information on consumer trust in health-related products. J Consum Behav. 2024;23(1):45-56.
[8] Qin Y, Liu Y, McClements DJ. Designing emulsion-based delivery systems to enhance the bioaccessibility of lipophilic nutraceuticals. Food Funct. 2023;14(9):4112-4126.
[9] Luo X, Chen X, Li B. Impact of formulation and delivery systems on the bioaccessibility of dietary supplements: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64(5):821-835.
[10] World Health Organization. Micronutrient deficiencies. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023.
[11] Kiekens S, Vermeulen A, Van den Mooter G. Stability challenges of probiotics in liquid and semi-solid formulations. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2022;120:85-96.
[12] Calder PC. Nutrition, immunity and COVID-19. BMJ Nutr Prev Health. 2020;3(1):74-92.
[13] Shahrajabian MH, Sun W, Cheng Q. Herbal medicines and bioactive compounds for improving human health. J Ethnopharmacol. 2021;279:114370.
[14] Qiu Y, Zhou X, Zhang L. Packaging materials and stability of liquid pharmaceutical products. Int J Pharm. 2020;586:119559.
[15] Marsh K, Bugusu B. Food packaging: Roles, materials, and environmental issues. J Food Sci. 2019;84(10):2615-2624.
[16] Kirchhoff CF, Becker RC, Kiese S. Packaging considerations for pharmaceutical liquid dosage forms. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2021;165:1-10.
[17] Ghaani M, Cozzolino CA, Castelli G, Farris S. An overview of the challenges and solutions for active packaging. Foods. 2022;11(4):556.
[18] Duncan TV, Chang J. Migration of materials from food packaging. ACS Symp Ser. 2020;1354:1-18.
[19] Twede D, Selke S. Cartons, Crates and Corrugated Board: Handbook of Paper and Wood Packaging Technology. Lancaster (PA): DEStech Publications; 2019.
[20] Aryani F, Ningsih WS, Djohari M, Humairah A. Gambaran penggunaan multivitamin selama pandemi COVID-19 di apotek Kota Pekanbaru: Penjualan sediaan multivitamin oral. SINTEZA J Farm Klin Sains Bahan Alam. 2024;4(1):23-32.
[21] Marsela FH. Review formulasi emulsi dalam pengembangan sediaan farmasi. J Farm Sains Teknol. 2025;3(1):20-29.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yurika Nabila, Dina Alia Zahwa, Cut Raysa Nur Azizah, Miftahul Jannah, Noufal Al Ghifari Ho, Nurbaiti Nurbaiti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
