Screen Time, Body Mass Index, and Hand Grip Strength Among 10–11-Year-Old Children in Urban Surabaya

Abstract

The increasing use of screen-based devices has changed children’s daily activity patterns and may be related to their physical condition. This study analyzed the relationship between screen time (ST), nutritional status based on Body Mass Index (BMI), and physical fitness based on Hand Grip Strength (HGS) among children aged 10-11 years at SDN Simokerto V Surabaya. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was used with purposive sampling involving 39 fourth-grade students. Screen time data were collected using a modified SCREENS-Q questionnaire, BMI was calculated from measurements, and HGS was measured using a hand grip dynamometer. Data were analyzed using Spearman Rho. The results showed that 85.7% of respondents had screen time exceeding two hours per day, 51.28% had normal BMI, and 61.5% had low hand grip strength. Spearman analysis found a significant negative relationship between ST and BMI (rs = -0.444; p = 0.005) and between ST and HGS (rs = -0.432; p = 0.006). These findings suggest that higher screen time was associated with lower BMI and lower muscular fitness in this sample.