Phytochemical Profile and Preliminary Toxicity of Cumin Leaf (Plectranthus amboinicus) Infusion: UV–Vis Quantification and Brine Shrimp Lethality Test

Rahma Diyan Martha; Sulastri Sulastri; Defi Wulandari; Danar Danar

doi:10.32734/jcnar.v8i2.27100

Authors

Rahma Diyan Martha Department of Pharmacy, STIKes Karya Putra Bangsa, Tulungagung, 66291, Indonesia
Sulastri Sulastri Department of Pharmacy, STIKes Karya Putra Bangsa, Tulungagung, 66291, Indonesia
Defi Wulandari Department of Pharmacy, STIKes Karya Putra Bangsa, Tulungagung, 66291, Indonesia
Danar Danar Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-3285

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v8i2.27100

Keywords:

Artemia salina, BSLT, Cumin Leaf, phytochemicals, Plectranthus amboinicus

Abstract

Cancer research increasingly explores natural products because plant secondary metabolites may possess diverse biological activities. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile, total levels of selected metabolite groups, and preliminary toxicity of a water infusion of cumin leaf (Plectranthus amboinicus) against Artemia salina larvae. Dried cumin leaves were infused in distilled water at 90 °C for 15 min, and the resulting filtrate was concentrated. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Quantitative determination was conducted using UV–Vis spectrophotometry with reference standards and calibration curves. BSLT was performed at concentrations of 100–1000 ppm for 24 h, with three replicates per concentration. The infusion showed group-level UV–Vis responses corresponding to alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins at 7.90%, 62.81%, 22.20%, and 6.70%, respectively. These values represent estimates based on the respective reference standards and should not be interpreted as the percentages of pure compounds. Mortality increased from 6.7% at 100 ppm to 86.7% at 1000 ppm. Probit regression yielded the equation y = 2.7423x − 2.3304 (R = 0.9579), corresponding to an LC₅₀ of 467.73 ppm. The aqueous infusion therefore showed measurable preliminary toxicity toward A. salina under the tested conditions.

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