Phytochemical Screening, Cream Formulation, and Antibacterial Activity of Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob. Leaf Ethanol Extract against Staphylococcus aureus

Muhammad Taufik; Mariany Razali; Muharni Saputri; Nurmala Sari; Mia Ramayani Damanik; Siti Fathiyah Mawaddah; Putra Penyabar Gulo; Nazwa Amalia Apriani; Citra Marisa

doi:10.32734/jcnar.v8i2.27332

Authors

Muhammad Taufik Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
Mariany Razali Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan, 20123, Indonesia
Muharni Saputri Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan, 20123, Indonesia
Nurmala Sari Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan, 20123, Indonesia
Mia Ramayani Damanik Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan, 20123, Indonesia
Siti Fathiyah Mawaddah Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan, 20123, Indonesia
Putra Penyabar Gulo Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien, Medan, 20123, Indonesia
Nazwa Amalia Apriani Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
Citra Marisa Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32734/jcnar.v8i2.27332

Keywords:

Cyanthillium cinereum, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibacterial Activity, Screening, Formulation

Abstract

Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob. contains secondary metabolites with potential antibacterial activity. This study performed qualitative phytochemical screening of the leaf ethanol extract, formulated topical creams containing 0.75% (F1), 1.5% (F2), and 3% (F3) extract, and evaluated preliminary physical stability and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Qualitative screening detected alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and phenolic compounds. The creams were homogeneous; mean pH values ranged from 6.22 to 6.45 before cycling and from 6.00 to 6.05 after cycling. Antibacterial responses increased with concentration. F3 produced the greatest response among the creams (19.07 ± 0.45 mm, n = 3), while the blank base showed no inhibition; the corresponding unformulated 3% extract produced 19.23 ± 0.42 mm. Two-way ANOVA showed significant effects of preparation type (p < 0.001), concentration (p < 0.001), and their interaction (p = 0.003). The E3-F3 difference was not significant by Tukey HSD (p = 0.996), but this does not establish statistical equivalence. These findings indicate that an antibacterial response remains measurable after incorporation into a cream matrix and support further investigation of the 3% formulation.

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