Strategic Optimization of Captured Fisheries Value-Added in Coastal Sumatra: Integrating Downstreaming and Cold Chain Infrastructure

Optimalisasi Strategis Nilai Tambah Perikanan Tangkap di Pesisir Sumatera: Mengintegrasikan Hilirisasi dan Infrastruktur Rantai Dingin

Abstract

Sumatra Island has enormous potential in the capture fisheries sector, with total production reaching 2,051,378 tons in 2022. However, there is a significant gap where most of the catch is still sold in fresh form with minimal processing, so that the economic added value for local fishermen is not optimal. This study aims to evaluate the value-added structure through a descriptive-quantitative design and policy review based on BPS secondary data 2022–2023 in ten provinces of Sumatra. The analysis results show that although North Sumatra dominates production, other regions face structural obstacles in the form of a lack of cold chain infrastructure and inefficient supply chains due to the dominance of middlemen. The optimization strategy formulated includes three main pillars: local downstreaming through Fish Processing Units (UPI), integration of cold chain infrastructure, and logistics modernization. The development of UPI is projected to increase the selling value of products by 30% to 150%, while the integrated cooling system can reduce post-harvest losses by 20–30%. In addition, modernizing marketing through an e-auction system and strengthening professional cooperative institutions is crucial for improving the bargaining position of fishermen. This study recommends that local governments accelerate downstreaming, international quality standardization (HACCP/GMP), and the development of regional branding such as "Tuna Riau Premium" to increase global competitiveness and the welfare of coastal communities in a sustainable manner.